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تأليف صورك
أساسيات التركيب ..
تقوية مركز الاهتمام
STRENGTHENING THE CENTER OF INTEREST
Because the center of interest is really the key to the picture , everything you can do to strengthen the center of interest will also strengthen the picture . What makes composition so fascinating a study is the almost limitless number of techniques you can use to give strength , emphasis and impact to the center of interest . Here your ingenuity and imagination can be given full play .
No two pictures are alike , and for that very reason , no two pictures call for exactly the same treatment for the all important matter of emphasizing the center of interest . We can , however , give you a few general guides which you may follow and which you may modify to fit the particular needs and qualifications of any picture you make . As your skill in the handling of composition increases , you can extend these guides or think up new ideas of your own . Each successful photographer approaches this problem in his own unique manner and , in time , builds up an approach or a point of view which becomes distinctly his own . It is for this reason , as much as for any other , that the work of many outstanding photographers is easily recognizable even though it carries no signature .
Figure 8 Powerful composition of an industrial complex created thru the forceful use of leading lines of movement . Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum Co.
We have stressed and stressed again the importance of leading lines of movement for the emphasis of the center of interest because there is hardly . anything you can do that will give greater importance to the center of interest than putting it at the focal point or terminus of strong leading lines . These lines . may be strong and direct if the nature of the subject calls for this type of treatment , or they may be gentle and meandering as in the case of a pleasing . peaceful summer landscape . The painter , Hogarth , was very partial to summer . landscapes in which a gentle " S " shaped line of movement was the outstanding characteristic , and so successfully did he use it that this " S " curve became known as the Hogarth line of beauty . However , the commercial photographer who deals in more dramatic material is much more likely to need a direct line or even a violent zigzag line , reminiscent of the conventional symbol for a bolt of lightning .
As we have seen in Figure 9 , the leading line of movement need not be an actual physical line - it may be an imaginary one . Placing the center of interest in a framework of some sort can be very effective . The frame should , of course , be a natural part of the picture and here , too , the type and nature of the frame is dictated by the subject itself . If the center of interest is a very striking one , the frame can be quite bold and important without taking on undue emphasis . If the subject is relatively mild and unimportant , the frame must be much more subtle or it will attract attention to itself and away from the center of interest , thus defeating its purpose .
Figure 9 An imaginary but powerful line of movement created by upward glance of subject .
Another good way to frame a subject and increase impact . Courtesy of Xerox Corporation
The frame need not be complete - as a matter of fact , often the bare suggestion of a frame is all that is necessary to hold the eye in the picture area so that it can concentrate on the center of interest . Placing the center of interest at the focal point of an arc , for example , is such a partial frame . The arc can be a part of a building , the bough of a tree , or even a large human figure bent or bowed in such a way as to hem in the center of interest .
Anything that is in some important respect distinct or different from its surroundings attracts attention , and that fact can be used to advantage in building up the importance of the center of interest . If the center of interest is unique or different from anything in its immediate area , it becomes that much more important . For example , in a crowd made up of people wearing hats , a bare headed figure immediately attracts attention . In a group in which all figures wear dark clothes , the one figure with lighter clothes stands out like a sore thumb . If that figure is the center of interest , it is given double emphasis . Figures 11 , 12 and 13 show three distinctly different ways in which the center of interest is given strong impact .
Perspective is often used to advantage in adding movement to the picture and building up the center of interest as well . The most obvious type of perspective is linear perspective . A pair of railroad tracks starting out large and widely separated in the foreground and diminishing in width as they recede in the distance imparts a very strong line of movement . Placing the center of interest at the terminal point of these tracks will give it a great deal emphasis . However , a much more subtle type of perspective is aerial perspective because it is not as direct nor as obvious . Air is never completely clear ; it always contains a certain amount of dust and moisture so that any distant object comes to you through this layer of dust and moisture and is filtered by it . As a result , it appears noticeably lighter in tone , verging on either the blue or the gray , depending upon whether the main filtering action is contributed by the dust or the moisture . Its outlines become more indistinct and the contrast is greatly softened .
Figure 10 The center of interest , small church in middle background , is given great importance by being framed between two massive columns .
Figure 11 In this illustration , a strong center of interest is created by placing the guitar player in a circular group so that she is the center of all eyes . The central situation is still further emphasized by her pose and the musical instrument she is playing . Courtesy of International Harvester Co.
Figure 12 Framing the speaker thru the eyeglass frame results in a very effective concentration of interest . Courtesy of International Harvester Co.
Figure 13 This is an effective use of multiple image prisms to frame a center of interest and give it greater impact . Courtesy of Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
In any landscape taking in a distant view , the foreground detail is much crisper , darker and more contrasty than the distant background . You can impart at great deal of movement to any outdoor scene by printing the foreground to a deeper , richer tone , letting the middle distance go somewhat softer and lighter , and keeping the extreme distance quite light and hazy . This use of aerial perspective is particularly effective in the photography of misty or foggy views .
Another good method of increasing the importance of a center of interest is to balance it against something else on the opposite side of the picture . However , in building up a composition based on this principle of balance , you must be very careful to avoid a perfect balance in all respects . Otherwise you will have two centers of interest instead of one , and your picture will almost invariably be a failure .
The element of balance is used here to provide a strong compositional interest . The old against the new , both expressed and implied , is the main theme here . Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum Co.
The two elements which are in balance must be similar in a number of respects , but they must also be dissimilar in others in such a way that the center of interest remains the dominant element beyond all question . The center of interest can be given dominance in a number of ways . It may be placed closer to the edge of the picture because that is a more prominent and , therefore , a more attention getting location . It may have a more complicated and exciting shape ; it may have more contrast , or it may be outlined more strongly against its background . There are countless ways of giving more emphasis to one of a pair of matching objects , and in this respect , the ingenuity and imagination of the photographer has free play .
These are but a few of the ways in which you can give added importance and effectiveness to the center of interest . They are by no means the only ones , nor are they exact blueprints to be followed slavishly . We have purposely dealt in general terms so that you can do your own thinking and develop your own approach to this extremely important subject .
An intimate look into the faces of Xerox Corporation's personnel performing their jobs is used effectively in corporate brochures . Courtesy of Xerox Corporation
تأليف صورك
أساسيات التركيب ..
تقوية مركز الاهتمام
STRENGTHENING THE CENTER OF INTEREST
Because the center of interest is really the key to the picture , everything you can do to strengthen the center of interest will also strengthen the picture . What makes composition so fascinating a study is the almost limitless number of techniques you can use to give strength , emphasis and impact to the center of interest . Here your ingenuity and imagination can be given full play .
No two pictures are alike , and for that very reason , no two pictures call for exactly the same treatment for the all important matter of emphasizing the center of interest . We can , however , give you a few general guides which you may follow and which you may modify to fit the particular needs and qualifications of any picture you make . As your skill in the handling of composition increases , you can extend these guides or think up new ideas of your own . Each successful photographer approaches this problem in his own unique manner and , in time , builds up an approach or a point of view which becomes distinctly his own . It is for this reason , as much as for any other , that the work of many outstanding photographers is easily recognizable even though it carries no signature .
Figure 8 Powerful composition of an industrial complex created thru the forceful use of leading lines of movement . Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum Co.
We have stressed and stressed again the importance of leading lines of movement for the emphasis of the center of interest because there is hardly . anything you can do that will give greater importance to the center of interest than putting it at the focal point or terminus of strong leading lines . These lines . may be strong and direct if the nature of the subject calls for this type of treatment , or they may be gentle and meandering as in the case of a pleasing . peaceful summer landscape . The painter , Hogarth , was very partial to summer . landscapes in which a gentle " S " shaped line of movement was the outstanding characteristic , and so successfully did he use it that this " S " curve became known as the Hogarth line of beauty . However , the commercial photographer who deals in more dramatic material is much more likely to need a direct line or even a violent zigzag line , reminiscent of the conventional symbol for a bolt of lightning .
As we have seen in Figure 9 , the leading line of movement need not be an actual physical line - it may be an imaginary one . Placing the center of interest in a framework of some sort can be very effective . The frame should , of course , be a natural part of the picture and here , too , the type and nature of the frame is dictated by the subject itself . If the center of interest is a very striking one , the frame can be quite bold and important without taking on undue emphasis . If the subject is relatively mild and unimportant , the frame must be much more subtle or it will attract attention to itself and away from the center of interest , thus defeating its purpose .
Figure 9 An imaginary but powerful line of movement created by upward glance of subject .
Another good way to frame a subject and increase impact . Courtesy of Xerox Corporation
The frame need not be complete - as a matter of fact , often the bare suggestion of a frame is all that is necessary to hold the eye in the picture area so that it can concentrate on the center of interest . Placing the center of interest at the focal point of an arc , for example , is such a partial frame . The arc can be a part of a building , the bough of a tree , or even a large human figure bent or bowed in such a way as to hem in the center of interest .
Anything that is in some important respect distinct or different from its surroundings attracts attention , and that fact can be used to advantage in building up the importance of the center of interest . If the center of interest is unique or different from anything in its immediate area , it becomes that much more important . For example , in a crowd made up of people wearing hats , a bare headed figure immediately attracts attention . In a group in which all figures wear dark clothes , the one figure with lighter clothes stands out like a sore thumb . If that figure is the center of interest , it is given double emphasis . Figures 11 , 12 and 13 show three distinctly different ways in which the center of interest is given strong impact .
Perspective is often used to advantage in adding movement to the picture and building up the center of interest as well . The most obvious type of perspective is linear perspective . A pair of railroad tracks starting out large and widely separated in the foreground and diminishing in width as they recede in the distance imparts a very strong line of movement . Placing the center of interest at the terminal point of these tracks will give it a great deal emphasis . However , a much more subtle type of perspective is aerial perspective because it is not as direct nor as obvious . Air is never completely clear ; it always contains a certain amount of dust and moisture so that any distant object comes to you through this layer of dust and moisture and is filtered by it . As a result , it appears noticeably lighter in tone , verging on either the blue or the gray , depending upon whether the main filtering action is contributed by the dust or the moisture . Its outlines become more indistinct and the contrast is greatly softened .
Figure 10 The center of interest , small church in middle background , is given great importance by being framed between two massive columns .
Figure 11 In this illustration , a strong center of interest is created by placing the guitar player in a circular group so that she is the center of all eyes . The central situation is still further emphasized by her pose and the musical instrument she is playing . Courtesy of International Harvester Co.
Figure 12 Framing the speaker thru the eyeglass frame results in a very effective concentration of interest . Courtesy of International Harvester Co.
Figure 13 This is an effective use of multiple image prisms to frame a center of interest and give it greater impact . Courtesy of Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
In any landscape taking in a distant view , the foreground detail is much crisper , darker and more contrasty than the distant background . You can impart at great deal of movement to any outdoor scene by printing the foreground to a deeper , richer tone , letting the middle distance go somewhat softer and lighter , and keeping the extreme distance quite light and hazy . This use of aerial perspective is particularly effective in the photography of misty or foggy views .
Another good method of increasing the importance of a center of interest is to balance it against something else on the opposite side of the picture . However , in building up a composition based on this principle of balance , you must be very careful to avoid a perfect balance in all respects . Otherwise you will have two centers of interest instead of one , and your picture will almost invariably be a failure .
The element of balance is used here to provide a strong compositional interest . The old against the new , both expressed and implied , is the main theme here . Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum Co.
The two elements which are in balance must be similar in a number of respects , but they must also be dissimilar in others in such a way that the center of interest remains the dominant element beyond all question . The center of interest can be given dominance in a number of ways . It may be placed closer to the edge of the picture because that is a more prominent and , therefore , a more attention getting location . It may have a more complicated and exciting shape ; it may have more contrast , or it may be outlined more strongly against its background . There are countless ways of giving more emphasis to one of a pair of matching objects , and in this respect , the ingenuity and imagination of the photographer has free play .
These are but a few of the ways in which you can give added importance and effectiveness to the center of interest . They are by no means the only ones , nor are they exact blueprints to be followed slavishly . We have purposely dealt in general terms so that you can do your own thinking and develop your own approach to this extremely important subject .
An intimate look into the faces of Xerox Corporation's personnel performing their jobs is used effectively in corporate brochures . Courtesy of Xerox Corporation
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