موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١٨_ب

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 18_b

⏹ Bernard D. Gordon
Bernard de Gordon

French physician (1285?).
Bernard trained as a doctor in Montpellier and is credited with writing a book in which medical glasses were mentioned and the first description of a hernia.

⏹ Bernard Claude, Claude

French physiologist (1813-1878).
Bernard began his life as a writer of novels, then he found someone who convinced him to study medicine, so he went to Paris, where he completed his studies. And he moved to teaching and worked as a professor of physiology at the College de France. Bernard was distinguished by being an excellent researcher, thinker, and experimentalist, who proved that the body can build complex compounds, and you can dismantle such compounds.
An example of this is the production of glycogen by the liver, and as he explained, digestion begins in the stomach and is completed in the small intestine. Bernard is credited with laying the foundations for the functions of organs as a specific science, and his book remains entitled: An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
Introduction to the study of Experimental Medicine
A classic model in physiology. Sir Foster (1899) wrote a book about him entitled: Life of Bernard.

⏹ Bernal, John Desmond
Bernal, John Desmond

Irish scientist (1901-).
Bernal was educated at a number of Irish and British universities. He conducted physical research in the Davy-Farady laboratory, then worked as a lecturer and then as an assistant to the director of crystallographic research (on crystals) in Cambridge. In 1937 Bernal became professor of physics at Birbeck College in London.
He made valuable contributions to the theory of fluids, as well as to the study of meteorites. His books on science and philosophy throughout history indicate an encyclopedic knowledge and advanced thought.
He was chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society and awarded the Royal Medal, then won the Lenin Peace Prize in 1953. Among his famous books is Science in History, which is in four volumes.

⏹ Burnet, Sir MacFarlane
Burnett Sir Macfarlane

Australian physician (1899-).
Burnet was educated in Melbourne and then did many researches in pathology, after that he worked as a research fellow at the Leicester Institute in London. He took charge of a number of scientific, administrative, and medical centers. Burnet was interested in grafting (from one individual to another) with the skin or other organs, and concluded that it was impossible for this to succeed, unless the two people who were being vaccinated were twins resulting from the splitting of an egg in the mother’s womb, and there was a blood connection between them and the reason for the impossibility. It refers to the body's natural immunity against foreign bodies, and it is worth noting that the new research has produced encouraging results in this regard, especially among brothers and sisters in the same family.
Burnet received scientific and honorary titles, and jointly won the Copley Medal with Medawar, and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1960.

⏹ Bernoulli, Jacques (Bernoulli)
Bernouilli, Jacques (or Bernoulli)

Swiss mathematician (1654 - 1705).
Bernoy worked as a professor of mathematics in Basel and was one of the first to use the differential calculus completely. He is the one who introduced the word integral in an attempt to establish integral differentiation and integration. Thanks to Bernoy in the progress of the mathematics of curves, such as the series curve, the spiral curve, and others. Bernouli also contributed to the formation of probability theory and wrote on this subject, and his name bears the numbers called “Bernoulli numbers”.
Bernoulli's numbers.

Bernoulli, Jean (Bernoulli)
Bernoulli, Jean (or Bernoulli)

Swiss mathematician (1667 - 1748)
Bernoy is a professor of mathematics in Basel, and he is the brother of Jacques Bernoy and the father of the athlete, Daniel Bernoy. There were arguments between him and his brother and his son because of the dispute over mathematical glory, as Jean was claiming some of his brother’s works for himself, and he expelled his son Daniel from the house because the son won a prize over his father. Competitions in which they participated in the field of mathematics.
Jean Bernouille discovered exponential integration and differential calculus and was the first to use the Latin letter G (g) to refer to the earth's gravitational acceleration (acceleration). Point 1 to point B does not lie vertically below it and the bead is subject only to the force of gravity.

⏹ Bernoulli, Daniel (Bernoulli)
Bernoulli, Daniel (or Bernoulli)

Swiss physicist and mathematician (1700-1782).
Daniel Bernoy is the second son of the mathematician Jean Bernoy.
Bernoy taught natural philosophy in Basel and taught mathematics in Petrograd before returning to Basel.
Daniel was the first to point out the practical importance of resolving the compound motion into translation and rotation movements. He also wrote about the ebb and flow and the vibration of the strings.
One of his important contributions to mathematics is the development of Bessel functions.
Daniel Bernoy was the first to try to develop a kinetic theory of gases. In his book entitled: Hydrodynamica.
He mentioned a theoretical and practical study of pressure balance and fluid velocity. He also presented his equation known as the Bernoy equation, which constitutes a preliminary formulation of the principle of energy conservation. Therefore, Daniel Bernoy is deservedly called the founder of mathematical physics.