موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١٣_ب

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 13_b

⏹ Bogert, Marston Taylor
Bogert, Marston Taylor

American chemist (1868 - 1954)
Bogert was educated at Columbia University until he worked in teaching later and rose to the rank of professor. He also chaired the American Chemical Society - Bogert wrote a number of original papers, especially with regard to the synthesis of organic compounds such as quinazolines and thiazoles. thiazoles. He has served as an advisor to the US government on chemical affairs.
Bogert was awarded the Nichols Medal and the Priestley Medal. (Priestley medal).

⏹ Bouguer Sir , Pierre

French mathematician and astronomer (1698-1758)
He worked as a teacher of hydrology in Havre. Boggi participated with Godin and La Condamine in a mission to South America to measure the degree of the circle passing through the poles of the earth.
Boghi invented a “heater” (heliummeter) to study the sun. He also invented a device for measuring the intensity of light (photometer) and studied the illumination of the sun and the moon in a comparative manner • Boghi studied the mass of the earth by comparing it with the masses of some mountain ranges.

⏹ Bovet, Daniel Bovet

Swiss-Italian pharmacist (1907-)
Buffett worked as a pharmacist at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, then became head of the Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry and assumed other important scientific tasks. • He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1957 as a result of his industrial preparation of an anesthetic surgical substance.
This substance is called curare, and it is a substance extracted from the bark of the Strychnos tree. The Indians of South America used to poison their arrows with it because it contained the poisonous curanine.

⏹ Boveri, Theodor Boveri,

German biologist (1862-1915)
Boveri was one of Hertwig's students
The famous embryologist (1922-1849).
Boveri is best known for his research on cellular structure
Boveri introduced the use of the word “centrosome” (centrosome) to denote the fixed part of the animal cell, and he explained using
The drawings depict the process of the formation of sperm (enesis spermatog) and the drawings mentioned are still being used up to the present time. Boveri has conducted studies on abnormal fertilization.

⏹ Bok, Bart Jan Bok, Bart Jan

Dutch-American astrophysicist (1906)
Bok learned in Leiden and Groningen, then went to Harvard in 1933, where he became a professor of astronomy there in 1939, and he held American citizenship at the age of thirty-three.
Bok emerged through his research in the distribution of stars and his study of their movements. The results of his studies were supported
This is his idea related to the age of the universe, as he concluded that the age of the universe is two thousand million years.

⏹ Paul, Cecil Frank
Powell, Cecil Frank

British physicist ( 1903 - )
Paul learned in Cambridge at the hands of C.T.R.Wilson and worked in Bristol, where he became Professor of Physics. Paul's most prominent work was: the pictorial study of nuclear processes, which led him to verify the "Mesons by" Mesons, which has a mass equal to 276 times the mass of an electron, and its half-life is equal to 8-10 x 2.6 seconds. It is investigated by photographic emulsions (see
Yukawa of Japan).
Paul had important studies on cosmic rays, was a member of the Royal Society, and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1950.

⏹ Paul, Sir Robert Stowell
Ball Sir Robert Stawell

Irish astronomer (1840-1913).
Paul was educated at Chester, Trinity College and Dublin. He held a number of important positions in astronomical institutions, including the Astronomer Royal of Ireland.
Paul was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. And he held a high teaching position at the University of Cambridge, where he taught astronomy. Alf Paul wrote a number of simplified books on astronomy, and he wrote an important book, The Theory of Screws, in which he included his mathematical research on the spiral movement.

⏹ Boltzmann, Ludwig
Boltzmann, Ludwig

Austrian physicist (1844-1906).
Boltsmann was educated in Linz and Vienna and taught a number of subjects before he was offered the position of Professor of Physics in Vienna.
Boltzmann was an authority on the subject of gas kinetics. Much of the credit goes to him for the spread of Maxwell's theory.
Electromagnetic (electric - magnetic) in Europe.
Boltsmann participated with Stefan - in drafting a law that bears their names Stefan-Boltzmann Law and sometimes the name Stefan. This law relates to thermal radiation from black bodies and absolute temperature.
Boltzmann added a lot to the mechanical theory of heat and the principle of energy sharing that bears his name, and is sometimes called Boltzmann's law. There is a physical constant known as the Boltzmann Constant, which is equal to the ratio between the average total energy of a molecule and its absolute temperature (which is equal to 1.38 x 16 - 10 garg per temperature).