موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٨_ب

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 8_b

⏹ Bessel: Friedrich Wilhelm
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm

German mathematician and astronomer (1784 - 1846)
Bessel began his career as a clerk (recorder) on board a ship. Then he worked as director of the Kingsburg Observatory, where he was interested in observing the comet that appeared in 1807.
Bessel carried out notable astronomical studies and works, among the most important of which was the preparation of explanatory catalogs (catalogs) for the stars.
Basil indicated the possibility of the existence of a planet behind the planet Uranus.
known. This prediction led to the discovery of the planet Neptune. Neptune Basel also made measurements of the distances between stars and pointed out the existence of dark stars (especially the companions of Sirius and Procyon Sirius. The existence of which was proven later. • Basel inaugurated a new era of accuracy in astronomical measurements.
In the field of mathematics, Bessel made a prominent contribution, perhaps the most famous of which is the mathematical functions known by his name: Bessel Functions.

⏹ Ptolemy (Ptolemy) Claudius
Ptolemy or Claudius Ptolemaeus

Greek-Egyptian astronomer (90-168)
One of the most prominent scholars of Alexandria, and he is the author of the famous book Almagest
And this word is the result of the Arabic abbreviation for the real name of Ket, which was a reference in astronomy until the era of Copernicus and Kepler. In it, Ptolemy believed that the earth was the center of the universe.
Ptolemy divided degrees into minutes and seconds, according to the approximate ratio, and the Almagest book included an illustration of the locations of more than a thousand stars and planets. The book contains some geographical information and a list of some places indicating their locations in length and breadth (relative to the equator).

⏹Bq, Antoine Henri
Becquerel Antoine Henri

French physicist (1852-1908)
His father and grandfather were physicists, and they received knowledge from each other by virtue of environmental and paternal inheritance.
Becquerel learned in Paris, and became a professor at the Polytechnic School. He shared with Pierre Curie Curie and Ms. Sklodowska his wife, the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903.
Becquerel invented a phosphoroscope to study the property of phosphorescence. He also worked on magnetism and polarization of light.

Beckman, Ernst
Ernst Beckmann,

German chemist ( 1853 - 1923 )
Violin interested in studying organic chemistry.
Then he taught it at the level of a professor in Erlangen and Leipzig and discovered the arrangements of oximes and ketones in the acids “amides and anilides”, which are called molecular Beckmann transformations.
Buckman invented two standard pieces that are used to determine the freezing and boiling points of solutions. The Beckman thermometer is famous, which is used to determine the molecular weights in solutions by the differences in the freezing and boiling points as a result of dissolving a substance in a specific liquid and in specific quantities.

⏹ Bell, Sir Charles
Bell, Sir Charles

Scottish anatomist and surgeon
( 1774 - 1842 )
Bell grew up in an atmosphere of poverty, so he learned at his home, and he struggled to advance in science, so he got a job as a surgeon at the Middlesex Hospital, and he also attended the Battle of “Waterloo.”
Bell discovered that the capillaries of the sensory nerves are separate from the motor (motor), and perhaps this discovery and other similar discoveries constitute the most important steps taken by physiology since the days of Harvey (1657-1578). Bell worked as a professor of surgery in Edinburgh, and among Bell's most prominent books is a book entitled: The nervous system of the human body.
(The Nervous System of the Human Body).

⏹ Black, Joseph Black,

Scottish chemist (1728 - 1799) •
Black was educated in Glasgow, then worked as a professor of medicine there, and then taught chemistry in Edinburgh, where he emerged as a successful lecturer.
Black discovered gas “carbon dioxide”, which was discovered by previous scientists, and he became famous because of his theory of latent heat and his studies of specific heat. Black presented an excellent dissertation titled: Experiments on Magnesia Alba, Giraffe and some other alkaline substances.
(Experiments upon Magnesia and some Alba, Quicklime other Alkaline Substances).
It is reported that Black referred to the possibility of flying a balloon filled with hydrogen.

⏹ Blackett, Patrick Maynard Stewart
Patrick Maynard Stuart and Blakett

English physicist (1897-).
Blackett learned at Dartmouth and Cambridge, then became a professor of physics in Manchester. He was chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society · Blackett developed the dark room known as “Wilson’s room” and thus he was able to depict the nuclear collision in which one element is transformed into another. He also discovered the "positron" independently of Anderson's studies.
Blacket was the first to observe nuclear disintegration by cosmic rays · He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1948 for his studies in atomic physics.