موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١١_أ

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 11_a

◾ Ingen-Hauz, Jan
Ingen-Hausz, Jan

Dutch physician (1730 - 1799)
Ingen-Hauz studied in Leuven, Leiden, Paris and Edinburgh, and conducted extensive studies on plants through which he concluded that the green plant absorbs carbon dioxide gas during the day and expels this gas outside its body during the night, thus opening a new era in botany, but this discovery did not Well appreciated at that time. Wangen-Haus wrote a book entitled: Experiments on Vegetables, and devised a method to compare the thermal conductivity of different materials by installing rods of equal length and diameter of different materials across the wall of a regular container, which was filled with hot water after placing points of wax on the outer edges of the rods, and observing the chronological order in which The melting of wax dots takes place.

◾ Ingold, Christopher Calp
Ingold, Christopher Kelb

English chemist (1893-1958)
Engold studied at University College, Southampton and the Imperial College of Science and worked as a lecturer at the aforementioned college and technology, then worked as a professor of chemistry in Leeds and University College of London.
Engold conducted important studies on organic compounds, especially with regard to the aromatic compound structure and organic chemical reactions.

◾ Ankeh, Johann Franz
Enke, Johann Frantz

German astronomer (1791 - 1865)
He learned that he was in Gettingen at the hands of Gauss, then he served in the Prussian army and worked
Thereafter a principal astronomer at Seeberg and then at Berlin. Anke determined the orbit of the famous comet that appeared a year ago
In 1860, he also conducted studies on a comet called Anke, which was discovered by Pons.
Anke was able to determine the apparent aberration of the position of the sun from previous studies on the transitions of Venus. Based on that, he measured the distance of the sun from the earth.

◾ Urey, Harold Clayton
Urey, Harold Clayton

American chemist ( 1893 - )
Ory was educated in Montana and California, and then in Copenhagen. He worked at Columbia as a professor of chemistry and won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1934, after which he taught in Chicago.
Urey was the first to isolate heavy water and thus separate the hydrogen isotope called deuterium.
The discovery of heavy water had a direct impact on the manufacture of the atomic bomb. Urey studied the atomic and molecular structure, absorption spectra, and isotopes. He also studied the “entropy” of gases. It was a reference in the methods of separating isotopes from each other.

Oersted, Hans Christian
Orsted Hans Christian

Danish physicist and chemist (1777-1851)
Ørsted studied medicine in Copenhagen, then worked as a professor of physics at its university. Oersted is considered the father of electromagnetism, as he discovered its main principles of deflection of the magnetic needle in an electric field and in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the current. He was the first to prepare pure aluminum. It is called “Oersted”, the unit of magnetic force, in the centimeter-gram-second system (C.G.S system).

◾ Ostwald, Wilhelm
Wilhelm Ostwald

German physicist (1853 - 1932)
If Ostwald learned in Durban and worked as a professor of chemistry in Riga and then in Leipzig, he worked in a wide field of chemical sciences, including chemical affinity, mass action and chemical solutions (started by Arrhenius). Ostwald discovered the law of dilution (dilution by water) named after him. As well as a study of the oxidation of ammonia by catalysts in terms of its relationship to the preparation of nitric acid (nitric acid). Ostwald was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909.

◾Ullmand, Arthur John
Allmand, Arthur John

English chemist (1951 - 1885)
Olmand was educated in Liverpool in Britain and Karlsruhe and Dresden in Germany, then he worked as a professor of chemistry at Kings College in London. Olmand was chosen as a member of the British Royal Society. He was distinguished for his research in electrochemistry and photochemistry and published a book entitled Principles of Applied Electrochemistry.

◾ Oliphant, Sir Mark Lawrence Alwyn
Oliphant, Sir Mark Lawrence Elwin

Australian physicist (1901- )
Oliphant received his higher education at the Cambridge Institutes and proceeded from there to the Cavendish Laboratory · Oliphant did valuable research on the dissociation of the element lithium. Worked in teaching in Birmingham with a professor's degree. One of his important achievements in the field of nuclear research is the design and construction of a 60-inch cyclotron. During World War II he worked on the atomic bomb project in Los Alamos. Oliphant also designed a proton particle accelerator for the Australian government. He taught in Canberra, was chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society and was knighted (Sir).