موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١٠_أ

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 10_a

◾ Anaxagoras

Greek philosopher (498-428 BC).
Anaxagoras was famous as a teacher in Athens, and a number of his disciples such as Pericles, Euripedes, and Socrates shone The minor that cannot be divided is called « Atomos ».
Anaxagoras believed that the earth is flat and that the sun is small in size. He also believed that meteors are wandering stars. And it was perfect. . Belief, and the effect of this position appeared in his student Socrates, who believed in the pure, infinite mind that organized the atoms.

◾ Anaximander

Greek philosopher (611 - 547 BC).
He is the inventor of geographical maps. His views on astronomy were farther from the truth than those of his predecessors, such as saying that the earth, the moon, and the sun are cylindrical in shape, and that the circumference of the moon is nineteen times greater than the circumference of the earth.

Enders, John Franklin
Enders, John Franklin

American Bacteriologist (1897).
Enders was a teacher of bacteriology and medical immunization at Harvard Medical School. He developed a new, less expensive and more modern method for culturing tissues outside the body of the organism (in an industrial environment) in the process of studying living (in poliomyelitis) and preparing an antibody vaccine on a large scale.
He was mainly cooperating with researchers Thomas Heckel Wheeler from Michigan and Harvard and with Frederick Chapman Robbins from Alabama, so the three of them shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology, in 1954.

◾ Anderson Elizabeth Garrett
Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett

English physician (1836-1917)
Andersen received a private education, then struggled bitterly to obtain the qualification that entitles her to work as a doctor, as the institutes of her time prevented women from studying medicine. Therefore, I went to Paris to study medicine there, and after that I worked as a teacher of medicine in London, in a school of medicine for women.
Anderson was a pioneer in allowing women to study and practice medicine in England and was the first woman to hold the office of mayor. Mrs. Anderson was called by this name because of her marriage, and before that she was known as Elizabeth Garrett.

◾Anderson, Thomas
Thomas Anderson,

Scottish organic chemist (1819-1874)
. Andersen received his education in Edinburgh and accepted to study medicine, then went to Stockholm, Giessen and a number of other universities in the European continent
A professor of chemistry in Glasgow, Andersen discovered pyridine and other compounds from bone oil. He also made studies on the composition of anthracene (good coal) and made important achievements in agricultural chemistry.

Anderson, Carl David
Anderson, Carl David

American physicist (1905-).
Andersen was educated in California, then taught physics. His most prominent studies are on gamma rays, X-rays, and cosmic rays. He discovered the positron, independent of Blakett.
Andersen shared with Hess the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1936.
He and Neddermeyer could. To prove the existence of a "meson" practically a meson.

◾Andros, Thomas
Thomas Andrews,

Irish chemist (1813-1885).
Andrews studied chemistry in Glasgow and Paris, then studied medicine in Edinburgh, then worked thirty years teaching chemistry in Belfast.
Andros is famous for his research that led to the expansion of knowledge about the heat of internal combustion and the properties of ozone (a state of oxygen), and he also reached the fact that it is impossible to liquefy any gas above its critical temperature.

◾Andreid, Edward Neville de Costa
Andrade, Edward Neville de Costa

English physicist (1887-).
Andrade received his education at the universities of London, Heidelberg, Cambridge and Manchester, then worked as a professor of physics in Woolwich, then worked in a similar position at the University of London, and was chosen as a member of the Royal Society.
Andred was interested in studying the atomic structure, and the importance of his research led him to the position of director of the Royal Institution and the Davy-Farday Laboratory. He wrote several books in physics, perhaps the most prominent of which is a book entitled: The Structure of the Atom.

◾Angracia, Giovanni Filippo
Ingrassia, Giovanni Filippo

Italian physician (1510-1580).
Ingracia gained his fame from his skill in medicine, which became apparent during his practice in Naples. Ingracia was the first to differentiate between measles and scarlet fever.

◾ Angstrom, we study Jonas
Angstrom Anders Jonas

Swedish physicist (1814-1874).
He received his education in Uppsala in Sweden and became a professor of physics there. His most prominent work was the study of the spectrum, where he gave his name to the unit of wavelength measurement: the angstrom (an angstrom is equal to one hundred millionth of a centimeter).
He discovered hydrogen in the sun's atmosphere and tried to analyze the spectrum of the aurora borealis.
aurora borealis. Aurorapoloris

Engler, Adolf (Heinrich Gustav Adolf)
Engler, Adolf (Heinrich Gustav Adolf)

German botanist (1844-1930).
Engler taught botany at the University of Berlin and served as director of the botanical gardens and museum. Engler developed a famous division of plants there. Entitled: Die Naturlichen Pflanzen-familien.
And also: the curriculum of plant families (Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien). He also made studies on the geography of plants that appeared in his book Vegetation der Erde. Engler also studied the plants of Africa and produced the study entitled: The World of African Plants (Die Pflanzwelt Afrikas).

◾ Engelmann, T.F
Engelmann, T.W.

German physiologist. ( 1909-1843 )
Engelmann's studies focused on the functional organs of the plant and related to photosynthesis. Engelmann showed that the chloroplasts (green plastids) are mainly affected by the red end of the spectrum, followed by the violet end, while the rest of the colors of the spectrum hardly affect the chloroplasts.