موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٦_أ

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 6_a

Arsonval, Jacques Arsene D
Arsonval, Jacques Arsene d'

French physicist (1851 - 1940) ·
Arsonval held the position of Director of the Laboratory of Biophysics (Biology) and also joined the College de France, where he also taught.
Arsonval invented the reflector galvanometer, a device for measuring or detecting a small electric current by means of a moving coil magnetic field. This device bears the name Arsonval. He was famous for his research on alternating electric currents (.a.c), high frequencies, high amperage (current intensity) and low voltage (tension). This type of current has been used in electrotherapy.

◾Argand, Jean Robert (Argand Jean Robert)
Argand, Jean Robert

Swiss mathematician (1768-1822).
Argan is one of the most prominent athletes.
As he was the first to use complex numbers and used them to prove the claim that all algebraic equations have roots, whether real or imaginary, and the complex numbers (which are the sum of the real number + the imaginary number) are represented by the form or scheme known as the Argand Diagram.
The number is either with a point (x, y), where x represents the real on the x-axis (x-axis) and y represents the imaginary number on the y-axis (y-axis), or the complex number is represented by a vector quantity whose magnitude is equal to x 2 + y 2
And its direction is its tangent angle = x / y.

Arglander, Friedrich Wilhelm August
Argelander Friedrich Wilhelm August

German astronomer (1799 - 1875) ·
Arglander learned in Kingsburg and became a professor of astronomy in Bonn • He conducted studies on the movement of the solar system in space, and published a catalog of five hundred and seventy-six stars with the characteristics of their movement. Stellar values, thus laying the foundation for the correct optical calculation of the stars.

◾ Irvine, Sir James Colquhoun
Irvine, Sir James Colquhoun

Scottish chemist (1877-1952)
Arvin learned at “Alan Glen School” and the “Royal Technical College” in Glasgow, and at the University of “St. Andrews” and in Leipzig, then he returned to “St. Andrews” to occupy the position of professor of chemistry in addition to a senior administrative position. Al-Malikya, who is the founder of the “British School of Hydrocarbon Chemistry,” and he conducted research on these substances (starches and sugars) that enjoyed great importance.

Arvidsson, Johann August
Johan August Arfwedson

Swedish chemist ( 1792 - 1841 )
Arvidsson received a private education, then studied at the University of Uppsala, then worked as a secretary for the Royal Office of Mines in Stockholm. He discovered a number of lithium compounds, but he was unable to separate lithium due to the weak electrical energy in the accumulator (battery) that was available for his experiments. Davy was ) The first to continue his work in this field. Arvidsson owned a number of factories and mines, which led him to retire from scientific research.

◾ Archytas

Greek mathematician (428 - 347 BC) ·
Arkytas ruled the city of Tarentum seven times, and he was a liberal thinker with a human tendency.
Arquitas is credited with inventing the pulleys and building the artificial bird. Some believe that he is the inventor of the analytical method in mathematics.
Architas was the first to distinguish between sequences
harmonic, arithmetic and engineering. He added new knowledge to the science of sound · Arkytas died by drowning after his ship was wrecked.

◾ Erlanger, Joseph

American physiologist (1865-1874)
Erlanger received his education in California and then at Johns Hopkins University where he worked as a professor of physiology, then moved to Wisconsin and then Washington. Erlanger became famous for the research he had done with Gasser on the nervous system (Gasser).
They shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1944 · Erlanger's studies and research work are in a book published in 1937 entitled "Electrical Signals of Nervous Activity"
Electrical Signs of Nervous Activity.

◾Armitt, Charles Hermite

French mathematician (1822 - 1901)
Armit's research on number theory, elliptic functions, and others. Armitt was the first to solve an algebraic equation of the fifth degree and proved that the base of the natural logarithm e or p is not an algebraic number.

◾ Arnott, Neil Arnott,

Scottish scientist and physician (1788-1874). Arnott learned in «Aberdeen» and then worked on
Studying medicine, then practicing it in London, and after a period in which he proved his worth.
Appointed as the Queen's private physician, Arnott was famous for inventing an economical heater, as well as for inventing the water bed, which is used in cases of long-term illness.
Arnott published a reference in physics that received great attention and wide fame, so it was translated into several languages ​​and printed seven times. Arnott was a member of the Royal Society.