موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٤_أ

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 4_a

◾ Adanson, Michel

French naturalist (1727-1806)

Adanson was known as a French traveler, and is of Scottish descent. Adanson wrote in botany, the natural history of the Senegal region. The name Adanson was given to the “monkey bread” tree (which is a thick-trunked tree that lives in the tropics, from the silk cotton family with sour fruits), and it is called Adansonia digitata, and its African name is Baobab. )
In the year 1743, Adanson developed a classification of plants, which he called “Natural Families of Plants.”
(Les Families Naturelles des Plants).

◾ Adrian, Edgar Douglas
Adrian, Edgar Douglas

English biologist (1889- ) ·
Adrian learned in «Cambridge» and «Bartolomeo». He worked as a professor of physiology at Cambridge.
He was also chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society, and he shared the Nobel Prize with the Copley Medal of Medicine with Sherrington in 1932 for their research and studies on neurons. Adrian is one of the brightest researchers in the nervous system and has published several books in this field. On brain waves, and explain the great importance of these waves.

◾ Idrisi, Abu Abdullah, known as Al-Sharif
Al-Idrisi
Arab geographer and physician (years 1099-1153).
He was born in Andalusia and educated in Cordoba. He excelled in geography, medicine and wisdom. He was an active traveler, touring North Africa and Europe as far as the British Isles.
He invented the spherical model of the Earth and drew maps of the countries he visited.
This is the first demonstration of the spherical shape of the planet Earth. Al-Idrisi has an important book, “Nuzhat al-Mushtaq fi Intrafaq Al-Afaq.” The Europeans call this book “Rogar,” who is the Norman king Roger II, who asked Al-Idrisi to describe the countries in which he toured.

◾ Adler, Alfred

Austrian psychologist (1870-1937) ·
Adler was a follower of Freud.
At the beginning of his appearance as a psychologist, however, he retired from the Freudian school by devoting himself to the principle of “the love of power” or “the affirmation of existence,” and considering it more important in human behavior than the sex drive.
Adler introduced the idea of ​​the “inferiority complex,” as he considered “the unconscious as a repressed and forgotten personal experience.” When he was fifty-nine years old, he went to New York to hold the position of professor of psychology there. The studies of Adler, Young (Jung, C. Gustaf) and Freud pushed psychology to a new advanced level. Adler's book: Theory and practice of individual psychology and Pattern of life are well known.

◾ Adam, Neil Kensington
Adam, Neil Kensington

English natural chemist (1891- )
• Adam received his education in a number of famous British institutes, and worked in Sheffield and London, then was appointed as a professor of chemistry in Southampton. particles on the surface of the water.
This led to the discovery of a state of two-dimensional matter at the borders of water and air (under testing). As a result of his studies, he also shed a lot of light on the sizes, shapes and fields of force around molecules made up of organic matter. · Adam has published several researches, including a research entitled: Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces

◾Adams, Walter Sydney
Walter Sydney Adams

American astronomer (1876 - 1956)
Adams received his education in American and German institutes, then worked at the “Yerkes” Observatory, then worked as director of the “Mount Wilson” Observatory.
Adams discovered that the intensity of the lines of certain stellar spectra depends on the absolute illumination of the stars, and this helped him in measuring the distances between hundreds of stars by means of the spectroscope, and Adams knows a note he wrote about the rotation of the sun.

◾ Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley
Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley

English astronomer (1882 - 1944)
. Eddington was educated in one of the schools of the Quakers, then continued his studies in Manchester and Cambridge, where he later worked as a professor of astronomy. • He left them to Greenwich to return to the Cambridge Observatory, occupying the position of Director of the Observatory. Eddington was chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Eddington's studies on stellar rivers (massive galaxies) and the internal structures of stars are well known. He calculated the age of the sun and concluded that the total life span from its inception until the end of its future when it cools down is fifteen thousand million years. Eddington has developed an explanation of the theory of relativity, and he has several books, including:
Stellar Motion and the Structure of the Universe
Stellar Movement and the Structure of
the Universe
space, time and gravity
Space, time and gravity
Stars and atoms
He studied Weyl's theory and wrote about it:
Generalization of Weyl's theory of electromagnetic and gravitational fields
A Generalization of Weyls Theory of Electromagnetic and Gravitational Fields.