موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٣_أ

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 3_a

◾ Ibn Yunus, Abu Al-Hassan Ali bin Abdul Rahman, the Egyptian Sufi, Ibn Yunis

Arab astronomer and mathematician (... - 1009)
Ibn Yunus belongs to a Yemeni family that settled in Egypt. He is famous for astronomy and his efforts in mathematics and natural sciences. He was able to find a number of equations necessary to invent logarithms.
Ibn Yunus monitored lunar and solar eclipses, and counted a number of ancient and modern Qurans, and deduced from them the increasing movement of the moon and the inclination of the sun's zenith.
One of his most famous books is “Al-Zayji Al-Hakimi Al-Kabir” in four volumes, and all the Qurans of the Planets mentioned by the ancients. Also, from the books of Ibn Yunus: The Accurate Adjustment, Azimuth Tables, Tables of the Sun and the Moon, and Care for the Benefit in Knowing Circles and Azimuths Before Elevation...
All of them are manuscripts. Likewise, Ibn Yunus was a prominent inventor in his time, and he is credited with the invention of the pendulum, which Europe did not know before the seventeenth century.

◾Abbott, Charles Greeley
Abbot, Charles Greeley

Astrophysicist, American (1872 - )
Abbott was educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and served as director of the Smithsonian Institution Observatory.
Abbott was famous for his studies on solar physics, and he participated with Langley in important research on the infrared spectrum, and he studied the changes of the sun.
Abbott was awarded the Draper and Rumford Medals.
Abbott wrote a book entitled The Sun, and another book entitled The Earth and the Stars.

◾ Apollonius (Al-Barghawi), the great geometer
Apollonius of Perga
(The Great Geometer)

A Greek athlete born in southern Türkiye
(260 - 200 BC).
Apollonius was known as one of the students of the Alexandrian school.
Apollonius wrote a famous book on the subject of conic sections, which included all the knowledge of his time on this subject, and he added to it his additions to it as well, which almost left nothing for others to discover from his contemporaries.
He was the first to introduce the use of the words “oval”, “hyperbola” and “ellipse”.

◾ Abbe Ernst, Ernst

German physicist and industrialist (1840-1905)
His father was educated in Göttingen and Jena, taught at the University of Pena, and headed the astronomical and atmospheric observatories.
He was a partner in Carl Zeiss' optical equipment workshop, which he owned after Zeiss' death.
And she had important optical studies • His father invented an optical arrangement (in microscopes) called by his name, and it is based on something other than the objective lens in cedar tree oil.
He also invented a microscope that does not analyze light as a result of equating the crown glass with flint glass, which is known as the Achromatic Microscope.

◾ Ochoa, Severo Ochoa Severo

Spanish-American biochemist (1905-)
Echoa was educated in Madrid and taught in Heidelberg and Oxford.
Before settling in the United States in 1940, he taught at the New York College of Medicine, in collaboration with Kornberg.
In the same field of specialization, Achua won the Nobel Prize in Medicine with Kornberg for their research on protein-producing organic acids. The researchers proved that the enzymes Enzymes.
The ability to produce a variety of nucleic acids if it provides him with a raw material that is woven according to its pattern, that is, imitating it • matrix.
Enzymes are proteins that have the properties of a chemical cofactor due to a special ability to activate certain reactions in living matter.

◾ Atwood, George

English mathematician (1746 - 1807)
Atwood worked as a tutor and fellow at University College, Cambridge • and was chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Atwood invented a machine bearing his name: the Atwood machine used to investigate the laws of falling bodies.
This machine was described in a book entitled: A treatise on the rectilinear and rotational motion of bodies.
(Treatise on the Rectilinear Motion and Rotation of Bodies).