حجرة مظلمة لتحميض الأفلام وطبعا على ورق حساس أبيض وأسود

Second: a dark room for developing the films, and of course on black and white sensitive paper:

In this room we go a step further by printing black and white film on sensitive paper. It is preferable that the area of ​​the negative (negative) be large in order to give an image of acceptable size (at least 6 x 6 cm). But it can also be printed to get an idea of ​​the contents of the film due to the difficulty of judging the image from the negative, especially with regard to facial expressions. This is called a 35 mm film rehearsal (Proof).

We note here that the word printing means making a positive and paper image from a negative of the same size, but obtaining a larger negative image is called enlargement, and in this room we need the same previous equipment and tools in addition to the size

to :

1- Darkroom: See chapter Darkroom

2- Printing box: This is a box with a lamp on top of which is a sheet of frosted glass to ensure the distribution of light, and another layer of clear glass at a distance from the frosted glass. The film is placed on the clear glass plate so that its sensitive surface is facing upwards. Then the sensitive paper is placed (in the dark) over the film so that the two sensitive surfaces touch. The lid of the device locks to ensure that the sensitive film and paper are in good contact. Then the lamp of the device is lit (usually a small lamp of 15-25 watts for a short period that you know from experience (usually several seconds). After that, the sensitive paper is acidified, as will come later.

It is possible to dispense with the printing device with a rehearsal stamp device (see below) or with a completely clear glass plate. In this case, the sensitive paper is placed on a table or flat surface so that its sensitive surface is facing up, then the film is placed on top of it, so that the two sensitive surfaces touch, then the clear glass plate is placed on top of them.
to ensure their good contact. A lamp (40) watts is lit at a height of 60 cm for a specific time known as the experiment, or a magnifying light can be used with different sizes - Proof Printer: This is a base with which a sheet of clear glass is attached, and the film (divided into adjacent strips) is placed on The sheet of glass so that the film support is adjacent to the glass (usually the 35 mm film is divided into two parts, each part an image year, and the 120 mm film is divided into four parts, each part 3 (photos). The sensitive paper is placed on the base of the device so that the two sensitive surfaces of the film and paper touch when closed This device usually uses sensitive paper measuring 8 x 10 inches, and the best type of rehearsal stamp is the type whose glass is undivided so that it can be used as films. The sensitive paper is exposed either to the light of a magnifier or a lamp at a height of 60 cm, as previously mentioned. It can be replaced About the character of the rehearsal with a glass plate as

Previously explained. 4- Developing Trays: It is preferable to have a group of at least three trays, of a size slightly larger than the size of the sensitive paper that you will be developing. For example, if you are developing paper with an area of ​​8 x 10 inches, it is preferable that the basin be 10 x 12 inches, and also not to use very large basins that do not consume many chemicals. The best types of basins are made of shock-resistant plastic. It is preferable that the bottom of the basin have protrusions so that the sensitive paper does not stick to it and facilitates its movement and removal. It is also preferable that one of the corners of the basin be bent outwards for ease of re-emptying the liquid into the chemical containers. To ensure that no contamination occurs, it is preferable that the colors of the basins be different, for example, the display basin is red, the stopping basin is yellow, the anchor basin is blue, and the final washing basin is green. The basins are always arranged in the same way to ensure that no error occurs during acidification in the dark. For example, make the display basin on the right, followed by the must-even basin
The suspension is followed by the installation basin, then the washing basin.

Rubber to not dry out to hold sensitive paper Print Tongs: It is preferable to have at least two so as not to contaminate your hands with chemicals that may cause inflammation or sensitivity to the skin of the hand, especially Metol, which is found in most display solutions. The best type is made of plastic, and its end is scratched from the sensitive surface of the paper. The holder of the display basin is always used to transfer the paper to the stopping basin without dipping it into the second solution, and the holder of the stabilization basin is used to take the paper from the stopping basin to the stabilization basin, in order to ensure that the showing solution is not contaminated with the fixing solution. Some people prefer to hold sensitive paper by hand. In this case, I recommend using a rubber or plastic glove of the type used by doctors for one-time use (Disposable gloves). If the photographer insists on using his bare hand, I recommend using a cream that protects the skin, such as Atrix cream.

6- Safe Light: It is better to get used to working in complete darkness. But some photographers prefer to work in soft light provided by a safety lamp that gives light of color that does not affect sensitive paper. The best type of these lamps is the one whose filter can be changed, so that the appropriate filter can be used for sensitive film and paper that is being developed, printed, or enlarged. For example, the filter Wratten = OA is placed for black and white sensitive papers, and the filter = 10 or 13 = for colored papers. The safety lamp should be placed more than 1.2 meters from the sensitive paper and the paper should not be exposed to light longer than recommended by the manufacturer.