الإضاءة الكلاسيكية .. كتاب التصوير علم وفن

Classic lighting
1- The main lighting is .
2- lighting opening the shadows.
3- Hair lighting.
4- Backlighting.
- Lighting it according to the Rembrandt method: This has been previously explained and can be done with artificial lighting by placing a photoflood lamp on one side of the person and on the other hand another photoflood that is weaker or at a greater distance. One or more spots can be placed to illuminate important places, such as the hands, for example

- Using the flash: A - Using the flash on the camera: This is the easiest and fastest way, as the flash is mounted on the hot shoe of the camera. However, this method gives the worst kind of lighting, as the image is flat and does not contain anthropomorphism, in addition to the defect of the red eye, where the eyes of people looking at the camera appear red as a result of the light reflecting on the retina. To avoid the red eye, the following can be done:

(1) Do not make people look at the camera. (2) Keep the flash about 30 cm away from the camera with a cable

extension

(3) Increase the illumination of the room, thus narrowing the pupil of the eye and reducing it

occurrence of red eye

The flash away from the use of the flash away from the camera: If the flash does not have a cable that connects the current to the synchronization or synchronization link in the camera, a special link can be purchased that connects the flash and the camera. And if we use the camera (more than 30 cm), we get better lighting. The lighting in this case is somewhat lateral, so it gives more embodiment to the features of the face, body and objects due to the presence and calculation of lighting. shadows
Using the reflected flash: In this method, the flash is directed to a reflective surface such as the ceiling or walls, and from it the light is reflected to the subject to be photographed. This method gives soft, even lighting similar to the lighting we get when the sun is completely hidden behind dense clouds. Three points are noted:

Reflex flash

First: The reflective surface must be white or very close to white because the reflected light changes color according to the reflective surface

Second: The exposure is calculated as follows: In the case of a normal flash, the calculation is done using the index number method, noting that the distance in this case is (from
The flash to the reflective surface + from the reflective surface to / the subject) and after knowing the required lens aperture, an extra aperture is added to it to compensate for the light absorbed by the reflective surface. For example, if the distance from the flash to the ceiling is 2 meters, and the distance from the ceiling to the person is 3 meters, then the actual distance is 3 meters. If the guide number for the used film speed is 55, for example, then the normal aperture = 2 = 11 F, then an extra aperture is added.. The required aperture is FA

In the case of automatic flash: If we can make the magic eye facing the subject to be photographed while the flash valve is directed to the ceiling, in this case the exposure is done automatically. If this is not possible, then the normal method is used as mentioned above.

The angle of incidence of the rays from the ceiling on the person to be photographed should not be very sharp, otherwise dense shadows appear under the eye suggesting illness or exhaustion of the person.

There is enough light) then the picture can be taken. Using the flash with daylight: The flash can be used with daylight, especially in situations where the light comes from behind the subject to be photographed, in order to open and illuminate shadows, especially on faces. Exposure is calculated as follows:
Minimum expectation

Use the flash to open the shadows with sunlight

A - Exposure is measured as usual for daylight lighting facing up. We choose a shutter speed suitable for synchronization with the flash (usually a speed slower than a second with a pupil opening suitable for the level of illumination. Place the synchronization indicator or the timer on the appropriate symbol (x - for electronic flash - M for flash bulbs).

D = Calculate the distance that the flash should be at by using the guide number of the used film. This is done by dividing the guide number by the aperture number. Example: the appropriate aperture for shutter speed is 11 and the guide number is 66. So the distance that the flash should be at is = 6 meters, for example. In enclosed spaces, such as a room, sunlight enters through a window, for example, due to the reflections that It comes from the walls. It is preferable to put a paper tissue (one layer) over the flash to reduce the amount of light, because what is required in this case is to light the shadows and not completely cancel them.