آلة التصوير أو الكاميرا ١-a .. كتاب التصوير علم وفن

Chapter one

Camera or camera

How do you choose your camera? Many people ask me, “What is the best camera?” This is a difficult question that I can only answer with another question, “What do you want to photograph with this camera?” In fact, if you go to a store that sells imaging equipment, you will find dozens of types and models of cameras. Any one of them to photograph all subjects with distinction.Therefore, whoever wants to buy a camera should read this book well first, then sit down with a paper and pen, specify exactly what things he wants to photograph, then specify from the following table the specifications of the required camera, and then after that In photography stores, he searches for a camera that has all or most of these specifications

But if you want to photograph all of the photography fields previously mentioned in the table, you will find that you need an arsenal of cameras and various devices. However, an acceptable part of these fields can be depicted if you are aware of an important principle. Principles of Photography and Life It is a principle of common compromises, Compromise of

Let's explain this with a small example:

1- The greater the size of the negative, the higher the level of the image technologically. 2- The smaller the size of the negative, the smaller the size of the camera, the faster it works.

So let's give up a little on the magnitude of negativity and let's give up a little on speed and ease

Working with the camera Let us choose a medium-sized negative camera with a reasonable technological level and has a reasonable working speed. There are other factors, the most important of which for most people is undoubtedly what they can pay to get a reasonable camera at an appropriate price, and in return is giving up some very unnecessary capabilities.

And now to address the specifications required in the camera that you want to buy:

Small camera (film) 35 mm: Less than that is included in the play counter. These cameras are characterized by their light weight, ease of use, and speed of work. The type with a viewfinder (mm) is better in this regard than the reflective type (p) and p), but this last type has other enormous capabilities that will be mentioned later. These cameras use single-lens 35 film, with a negative area of ​​2436.

- - Medium camera (film) (120): gives a negative of 6 x 4.5 cm or 6 x 6 cm or 6 x 7 cm or 6 x 9 cm, which is heavier and larger
It is larger than the previous type and comes in three types: a type with a viewfinder (mm), a single-lens reflector type (reflector) and a dual-lens reflector type.

The lens (pw p).

Large camera (studio): It is given caliber ranging from 6 x 9 cm to 8 x 10 inches. It is used to obtain the finest details, but it is very slow in work:

4- Lens speed: By that we mean the maximum aperture of the lens. The faster the lens (the pupil aperture is wider), we can shoot in dim light with a high shutter speed. And faster lenses are designed for cameras

- Interchangeability of lenses: This is possible for single-lens reflex cameras (p) and p), as well as studio cameras and a few dual-lens reflex cameras with a viewfinder (mm).

- Lenses with a very dilated angle of view: These lenses may have a viewing angle of more than 180 degrees, like fish-eye lenses, and are found in most

35 cameras (p and p) and some 120 cameras (p and p).

- Very powerful telephoto lenses: there are 35 (Aw) cameras

And a few (p) and p) 120.

- Shutter speed: Cameras with a focal plane shutter (all single-lens reflex cameras (P) and (P) and some viewfinder cameras (mm) have a high shutter speed, which in one of Nikon's cameras reached a maximum of one second. As for the pupillary shutter, it reaches a maximum Its speed is up to a second, and this is the prevailing type in (mm) and (mm) cameras.
A - Synchronization of the flash (flash): The pupillary shutter can synchronize the flash light (that is, the timing of the shutter opening is synchronized and contemporary with the firing of the flash flash with all speeds usually. As for the shutter, the focal plane is the electronic flash with slow speeds only and often less than a lee of a second, and it needs To flash bulbs, especially if we want to synchronize the flashlight speeds, so it syncs with all.

31. There is no difference in the scene between what the lens and the viewfinder see: This is important when photographing close-ups, especially small objects, and you will find that only cameras (p) and studio cameras have these capabilities, because the photographer sees the scene through the same lens that takes the picture.

<-11 Fixing perspective: Cameras that have lenses that can be moved up and down and to the sides with respect to the camera body, or tilted on the camera body, these can fix perspective defects. This possibility is available in studio cameras and some (Awa) cameras that have tilt and shift lenses.

12- The ability to extend the distance between the lens and the surface of the film: to enlarge the size and photograph small objects. This is found in studio cameras as well as in P-cameras with extension tubes and extension bellows