آلة التصوير " الكاميرا" .. كتاب التصوير للهواة

Chapter Two: The Camera

It is a box in the shape of a cube or in the form of a cuboid, closed and dark. In one of the faces of this box, a lens called the corpuscular or objective lens is placed because it is opposite the body, while on the opposite side there is a lens through which objects are seen called the ophthalmic lens, and close to it there is a layer of sensitive material that is With regard to film, the ocular lens has a section that is placed on it, so that objects are magnified, called a telescope, and that is when we want to object or clarify an object and it is placed at a distance of less than half a meter, while the objective lens has some advantages, including: It is what

1 - lens aperture:

It is an aperture that can widen or narrow to control the amount of light entering the camera. With its wideness, the quantity increases and this quantity decreases as the aperture narrows.

2- Time:

It is expressed by the reciprocal of a number and is called speed, so the greater the speed, the higher

The time was small.

3- Distance:

The distance controls the distance of the object to be photographed from the lens.

This and these three quantities play their integrated game to be the desired object

Picture it as clear as possible

There are many types and shapes of cameras, from which I took the common form

It consists of:

1- The lens device:

The body of this device is located in front of the machine and consists of a metal cylinder that moves forward and backward by means of a side screw, and the lenses of this cylinder are fixed by threaded rings. On the side of the cylinder there is a group of numbers indicated by an arrow or a line indicating the appropriate distance within the cylinder

for photography

And each nihilism has a certain number that indicates the degree of penetration of light from

through it

2- Film laying device:

Behind the camera is located from the inside body. It consists of two side rollers. The first is wrapped with raw photographic film. The second one is wrapped with the same film by means of a manual spinner outside the camera. And in some precision machines, this reel rotates automatically when the image is pressed, so the image is picked up and moved to the reel in order for another image to replace it, and so on.

A device for capturing the image: it is called the shutter:

The function of this device is to open a shutter installed behind the lens, whereby the rays emanating from the silhouette of the scene to be photographed are allowed to enter and fall on the sensitive film sheet located behind the camera lens from the inside, and the movement of this shutter is by means of a piston installed on the side of the camera

The speed varies in the process of opening and closing (the shutter) according to the strength of light and radiation that enters from the surface of the lens

On the side of the lens barrel there is a ruler numbered with serial numbers starting from -1 - to 300, 500 or 1000 according to the types of cameras. The photographed person must determine the time of pressing the photo button according to his experience and his assessment of the intensity of the light

Lens aperture reduction device:

It is a set of pieces of thin metal fixed around the circumference of a ring that moves as a whole by means of an external screw surrounding the lens cylinder. In addition to the outer cylinder of the lens, there is a set of numbers indicating the aperture degrees, and these numbers start from the first number indicating the power of the lens, and these numbers are indicated by the letter F.