الفصل السادس عشر ، النقل والتصوير عن قرب .. كتاب فن التصوير الفوتوغرافي

Chapter sixteen

Transportation and close-up photography

You know the technology that enables you to get close to your subject to a distance closer than the normal distance with Close-Up photography. The technique that enables you to transfer an image you like in a magazine, a wall picture, or a very old photo to a negative or slide is known as transfer. Professional transport photographers use special equipment, which is a huge camera equipped with a bellows that moves on a special substrate. However, you can copy your own images with much simpler equipment than this. A regular camera can do this job perfectly, and as long as you can fill the frame with the subject, you'll get a good copy. Transfer depends primarily on the film used. The fast film here is not appropriate at all, as you need a slow film to obtain a soft, invisible point. There is a special type of film dedicated to the copying process called Process Film. This film is distinguished by its very slow speed and almost non-existent pixelation, except that it is very contrasting and does not distinguish colors. Generally it is used especially for transferring

In black and white or when extreme contrast is required in a copy transmitted without concern for correct color transfer, for the transfer of colored subjects slow panchromatic film offers excellent color gradations. And since it has almost non-existent dotting, and since its contrast is high, it provides sharpness and clarity in the color gradations of the prints, within the range of color gradations of the printing paper and without any loss of the original gradations.

Preparing the camera: The originals can be transferred vertically or horizontally, as the picture is hung on the wall or placed on the transfer table as it deems appropriate. You should use a tripod when transporting to avoid any camera shake, and the tripod makes it easier to use long exposures. Use a shutter release wire, this reduces the possibility of any vibration, and if you own a single-lens reflex camera SLR whose reflective mirror can be released before releasing the shutter, it is better for transportation because the impact of the reflective mirror on the base of the prism causes a slight vibration of the camera when the shutter button is released, its effect is clear When using a close-up lens. By releasing the mirror, the possibility of such vibration is eliminated

Lighting and exposure:

Lighting plays a crucial role in the transportation process. Here you need flood light bulbs. And because the subject has only two dimensions, you only need two lamps. Place them at an equal distance from the subject and on either side of the camera, so that the light is evenly distributed on it. If an uneven distribution of illumination appears, the reason is to place one of the two lamps at a farther distance from the subject than the other. Make sure that the distance between the two lamps and the subject is completely equal, because any difference in it will appear in the form of uneven lighting on the final print. The problem here is that you cannot distinguish the uneven lighting before capturing, as it is distinguished only by looking at the final result.

There is a practical way to balance the lighting on both sides of the image to be transferred, and it can be summed up as follows: Place the edge of a sheet of cardboard exactly perpendicular to the middle of the image so that the edge of the sheet parallels the two ends of the image.

When the two lamps are lit, you throw the vertical piece of cardboard with two shadows on either side of the picture. If it appears to you that one of these two shadows is longer or darker than the other, then the two lamps are not placed correctly. Reposition them so that the piece of cardboard casts the same shadows on both sides of the picture. When you are satisfied with the distribution of lighting on both sides of the image, measure the exposure by bringing the exposure meter closer to the image. Pay attention while reading so that the exposure meter does not cast a shadow on the image, so you measure the shadow instead of measuring the lighting in question.

A final measure to get the best balance in the picture is the aforementioned girth technique. The exposure collar has more and less exposures than the exposure indicated by the meter. This ensures that you will get a faithful transfer of colors: in the original image to black and white

Female candidates also have an important role in the field of transportation. They are usually used for correction, such as removing reflections, increasing contrast, or correcting distortions. To increase the contrast, use a red filter. As for correcting distortions and abnormal color smudges in the original image to be transferred, use a filter of the same color to be removed

This also helps the filter to have complete control over the color gradations in the copy. If you use the filter with a color image, remember that the filter will soften. The same color as the filter, as it darkens the complementary color. You can adjust the colors transferred from an oil painting, for example, if you want to, so emphasize parts of it and darken other parts in proportion to the look you want to present.

More control:

Sometimes you will find that the original image needs some processing in order to be able to transfer a good copy of it, such as if the original image is very old and wrinkled, or the emulsion layer on the sensitive paper is cracked and cracked because of its age. To remove the crack lines that will appear on the transferred copy, you must take the following steps: The original image is on a piece of cardboard to keep it flat. Then transfer the original image according to the above. Mix the spotting fluid solution with color gradients similar to the image gradients, then hide the defects that appeared on the copy using the soft brush according to the method we mentioned earlier. Copy the copy after performing the process of retouching it, so you will get a copy that is completely free of defects

Often, you sometimes have to make a copy of a picture drawn on canvas paper, and if you picture it as it is, the textured appearance of the picture will appear on the transferred print, which keeps it from clarity

4 You can remove the image canvas backing by dipping the canvas into a bowl of just enough water to dip the print. As the water works to hide the canvas appearance of the image, highlighting the drawings only on it. Move the image while keeping it in the water during the process

Transfer If the painting to be transferred is covered with a sheet of glass, then in this case you must photograph through it, and here you will face the problem of reflections. Reflections can be eliminated by slightly adjusting the location of the lights or the location of the camera. Also, a polarizing filter will get rid of this problem with ease