الصفات الطبيعية للبادية السورية ١_a .. كتاب في ربوع سورية

The natural characteristics of the Syrian desert:

The Syrian desert has a variety of appearances and landscapes, and it is far from homogeneous in terms of the nature of its land, topography, climate, flora and even its fauna (Fig.

It is where the desert of the island: A- The western plateau, which represents the eastern part of the plateau - or the plains - of Hama, Homs, south and southeast of Aleppo, extending up to the plateau of Rusafa (the desert of Rusafa). A land of gradual elevation towards the east, because its simple general slope is towards the Orontes Valley in its central and southern sector, and towards the Euphrates Valley in its northeastern sector. This plateau represents the margins of the western desert, the most rainy (200-250 mm) and the most fertile and watery. B - The Central Mountains, which include many mountainous masses extending towards east-northeast-west-southwest, starting from the Euphrates Valley to the outskirts of the Eastern Damascus Basin, with a length of approximately 240 km and a breadth of about 10-40 km. These mountain masses are organized into two chains:

1- Terrain:

The following terrain units can be distinguished in the Syrian Badia, starting from its wetter west with regard to Shamiya, and then moving to the northeast of the Euphrates

1- The northern Palmyra mountain range, which generally extends from the Homs-Fraklis road in the west to the outskirts of the Euphrates Valley from the northeastern fronts of Mount Bsharri, with a length of about 230 km and a width ranging between 20-40 km. It includes several relatively connected mountainous masses, especially in its west, starting from

It includes from the west: Jabal al-Shumaria (1072 m), followed from the east by Jabal al-Balaas (1105 m), which has many closed, elongated basins known as al-Sarr, the most prominent of which is Surat Abu al-Duhur (776 m) located directly to the west of Jabal Abu al-Duhur, which represents the eastern end of Jabal al-Bilaas. Jabal al-Shaer (1261 m) and its extension to the south in Jabal al-Madaba’ (1054 m).

Al-Shaer Mountain is followed to the east by Al-Marah Mountain (1225 m), and to its south are two mountain masses that are separated from it by a mountain depression between them. They are Jabal Al-Dulail in the northwest (1330 m) and Jabal Al-Abyad in the southeast (more than 1000 m). To the east of Jabal Al-Marah is Wadi Al-Rahawi, which separates it from Jabal Abu, whose axis takes an east-west direction, unlike the previous mountains whose axes extend north-northeast-south-southwest. Jabal Abu Rujamin consists of several masses separated from each other by relatively high valleys, the highest point In those blocks, there are two stones in the mountain of Hawet al-Ras to the east of it

(1387 AD).

To the north of the two mountains of Abu Rujamin and Al-Marah, some small, individual mountain masses stand out, as in the Sawanat Al-Fasidah Mountain, Al-Khashabiyah Mountain (973 m), Yatima Mountain, and Al-Asab Mountain. . . etc.

To the north of Abu Rujamin, to the east of Jabal Yatima, the Jabal Muqiba massif stands out and to the east of Jabal Al-Manshar, which overlooks the village of Al-Taybeh to the east and to the north the town of Al-Koum. To the east of Abu Rujamin, Jabal al-Dahek massif with steep ridges overlooks the south of the town of al-Sukhna, and to the east of al-Sukhna-al-Kom road, and close to the Deir ez-Zor road, al-Duwayk Mountain (the eastern precipice) overlooks the limited height (475 m) with steep rocky upper ridges.

Regression. To the east of Jabal Al-Dahik, there is a terrain gap, its width is about 5 km, and its average height is about 350-450 meters, in which the Sokhna - - Al-Rusafa - Al-Raqqa road extends. To the east of this road, about 3 km: Al-Koum - the forerunners of Jabal Al-Bishri, with a north-east-south-west axis, which reaches its maximum height in the western Thuleithawat site (865 m), which reaches the north-east outskirts of the Euphrates Valley, west of the town of Al-Tebni in the Governorate of Deer Al Zour.

The southern Palmyra mountain range: It is a group of mountains connected at times and separated from each other at times, extending from the region of Dumayr to the Palmyra basin, with a length of about 240 km, an average breadth of about 10 km, and an average height of about 1000 m. It starts from Jabal Al Dumayr (1120 m), to the east is Mount Zubaydah (1390 m), then Mount Manqura, and then to Jabal Ghantous (1406 m), to the south of which extends the masses of Jabal Al-Ramah (1317 m) and Jabal Adah. Al-Barada forms the northeastern extension of Jabal Ghantous, which - that is, Al-Barada - separates from Jabal Al-Busairi in Wadi Al-Barada, on which the historical dam known as the Khirbaqa Dam was built. Al-Busayri Mountain (1273 m) almost extends to the outskirts of the Palmyra basin, with its many mountainous masses (Mount Umm Jarn, Jabal Hayyan (939 m) overlooking the Palmyra basin). The valley of Qasr al-Hallabat separates Jabal al-Busayri from Jabal al-Abtar located to the south of it and to the north directly from the Damascus-Palmyra road, just as the valley of Luaizeh and the Palmyra-Al-Bardah road separate the al-Basiri and al-Aputar mountains from the Sawanah al-Hamra mountain and miles to the south after the valley of Ghadir al-Jamal where the Sawanat al-Shahba mountain is located. B - Al-Do Basin is a closed interstate basin located between the northern and southern Palmyra mountain ranges, its extension axis from the southwest towards the northeast (from Al-Qaryatayn to the hills overlooking Palmyra), with a length of about 90 km and a width of about 20 km. Its average height ranges between 400 and 600 m (the average height is about