شهود عيان من المحترفين .. خمس صور فقط من هيروشيما .. مجلة فن التصوير اللبنانية _ ع٢١

Professional eyewitnesses
Just five photos from Hiroshima

In the Crimean War in 1848, the photographic camera entered the battlefields for the first time, and from that date it became an integral part of wars. We have seen its translation from German, especially since it has not been translated into any language yet, in order to be accessible to our readers as soon as possible.
The book by Rene Fabian and Hans Christian Adam is 340 pages long and contains pictures that have not been published before for many reasons. And the pictures are all in black and white, without a doubt, and it is divided into seven historical periods that begin between 1848 and 1870 and end between 1950 and 1983.

On the battlefields of World War II, a professional war photographer was born.
For the first time, the military accepted the journalist as a war observer. For the first time, it was natural for journalists to go with the fighting armies to the battlefields, and for the first time, civilian eyewitnesses watched the decisive bloody battles, starting with the Pearl Harbor disaster and the defeat of German Marshal Erwin Rommel in the North African desert, until the landing of the allied armies. To the Normandy coast in France and the liberation of Paris.
For the first time, the war photographers demanded their right to publish and author (Copy Right).
And the photographer who used to practice the process of war photography as a complete job that takes all the usual working hours is the product of this era, and many of them lived through the Second World War as a pioneering period during which the legends of their profession succeeded.
In World War II, photographers discovered their style. The working photographers looked at the war in a different way than the fashion photographers who were ordered to go to the front. Some were portraying the war as if it was a war of men, the Superman. And some were portraying it in the manner of the painter Goya (Goya). I witnessed the atrocities with my own eyes! Many spent the war at the General Staff as personal photographers for a general, some went with the soldiers and tasted the sweet and the bitter. Some of the photographers showed the war as a fight against fascism, and others as the struggle of fugitives and refugees for survival. They filmed in an epic, anecdotal way. Including anecdotes and anecdotes or in a picture, implicated, and incidental, they were glorious, interested in benefiting and documenting.

Russian Dimitri Baltermantz lived the war as a tragedy
for Dostoevsky. No one else has seen so dramatically the pain and complaints of soldiers grappling with death as the American Edward Steichen.

The German Richard Peter (eter) saw the war as a graveyard of rubble for Dresden, his hometown.

In Hiroshima it was very hot on the sixth of August 1945 and in the suburb of Midorimachi (Midorimachi) the Japanese sat in shirts and pants while eating breakfast, Matsushivi. The photographer for the daily Chugoku Shimbun was sitting cross-legged on a mat smoking his cigarette as the flies were buzzing and the doors were open and it was a quarter past eight. Then a few seconds followed by shrapnel, when Matsuo Shiffy jumped

He came to his senses and looked around as if all the glass in his house had shattered windows. Mirrors, bottles, cups. The first thing he felt was some kind of burning substance, and his skin was full of shards of glass. Then Matsuo Chevy rode with his wife to a vegetable field in front of the house. And here, a terrible stillness prevailed around, and the sun in the sky had disappeared behind black clouds, just as the birds and all of Hiroshima had disappeared behind thick black smoke. He was getting closer and closer to the suburb, as if he wanted to put a death robe over it. As for the role of the radiation, Matsushivi did not
He did not know anything about it. An hour later, the photographer returned to his home, took his small camera, and headed towards the city center, telling about that period
Destruction and devastation are, for me, normal, everyday things in times of war, and my first reaction in Badat Sur! At that time, Matsushivi had only one film because photographic materials were like rationed foodstuffs in Japan at the time, and for two hours the photographer walked through the city that was overshadowed by death and said:

The people I used to meet were strangely apathetic, stunned, and extremely tired. No one looked up when I was photographing, and no one raised their head. One of the pictures I took that day was taken by the nuclear bomb. I was lit by the flames of the nuclear bomb, and burned a Japanese man, not even his ashes were left, and at the same time I kept the memory of his existence, which is his shadows on the wall of one of the houses, whose effect was like the effect of a photographic chip, damn it!

Five images remain from the film made by Matsuo Shifei, as the other images were damaged by atomic radiation.

Matsu Shivi is acid and his film appeared at night in the empty moonlight behind the wall of his house, and when he took out his photos after endorsement, they appeared as if a knife had played in them, blurred and dark in color. I can put the lens quite accurately, only the pictures taken by Matsuo Shifei were taken shortly after zero hour in Hiroshima - they are apocalyptic pictures of sobbing and groaning people crowding into each other staggering through all the streets.

One month after the American nuclear bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, the first nuclear bomb, the first foreign war reporter entered the stricken city. Warlords to battlefields and other fronts to keep them away from Hiroshima Wilfred.

Borscht, the representative of the London Daily Mail, does not follow orders at all, and also in the reports he writes and sends. Borscht was one of the first to write about radiation poisoning in the city, which was almost wiped out of existence. The American General Staff, just like Prince Albert's reaction to William Russell's telegrams in the Crimean War, is a denial.

In Tokyo, a US Army spokesman confirmed in a press conference that there is absolutely no radioactivity disease. ... Leslie Groves, head of Manhattan Projects (Projekts), stated that these rumors about radioactivity are nonsense, and then, after a year, the Americans tried to mitigate the genocide they carried out on the residents of the city of Hiroshima.. and in July In 1946, the Japanese Matsuo Shivi was invited to appear before the American General Staff in Hiroshima and asked him to hand over his photographs, because, according to the opinion of the Chief of Staff, they would shock public opinion.
The citizens of the United States just have to see the thing that contributed to the victory: the huge mushroom-shaped cloud of the nuclear bomb!!!
For war informants, reporting what they knew or filming what they were seeing was tantamount to professional suicide for them. They also had to remain completely silent about army racism, looting and rape. They wrote little about soldiers who took drugs, since none of them wanted to be fired from their jobs. As the First World War, death was kept secret. And when Robert Capa took a picture of one of the Americans who was killed by a bullet on the balcony of a house in the city of Ibzig, the observer covered his face with a wooden beam.

Basically, the recommendations that were provided to the observer were related to maintaining the confidentiality of strategically important information, and in a letter from the twenty-ninth of December 1942, it was stated that as long as the monitoring of photography is in force, the commander-in-chief in London and Washington is waiting with complete precision to avoid the appearance of the following things: the locations of the armies Or military ordnance, pictures of the General Staff centers, the names of the soldiers whose rank exceeds the rank of colonel. All types of military ordnance, the amount of military ordnance from which the enemy can deduce the strength of the army, especially the 105 Sherman tanks, 155 howitzers and other cannons, amphibious jeeps, and in general all the military ordnance classified as classified.

Public relations for the military often began abroad, i.e. on the battlefields, and around the end of the war, for example, General Simpson of the US Ninth Air Division set a date for the filming and brought the appropriate photomodel! And the order he issued for this occasion
The following was:
Bring us a sergeant, fresh from the front, with an unshaven beard, covered in mud, and don't put him down.
under the shower
The Red Army was also practicing public relations. On the fifteenth of September 1941, public relations in the army invited newspaper delegates present in Moscow to visit the Soviet armed forces.
They were transported by cars, accompanied by an officer and an observer, to the front and somewhere in the front they drank hot vodka and photographed a smiling general as if he had just occupied Berlin, then they were sent back to their hotels in Moscow. The birth of the domestic tourism travel office..

And at the end of 1944, the press center of the Allied General Staff in Paris was monitoring the manuscripts and photographs of thousands of military informants from all fronts. Three million words and more than thirty-five thousand pictures passed every week in front of the staff's desks, and on the longest official routes, pictures of the chief photographers were sent.
For the British Armed Forces Magazine. Barad. . Pictures of Bella Zola, who is of Hungarian origin, and the court photographer for King Farouk - King of Egypt at the time - who photographed the British desert war in the Middle East appeared in the laboratory in Cairo, and then were sent to the General Staff and there they were monitored and then shipped to the propaganda department , where placed under
The photos and the required texts were then sent by plane to the assembly center in London on Curzon Street, and from there they were delivered to the Central Office, which finally distributed them to the newspapers.