جولة ١ : على ضفاف الخابور ٢_a .. كتاب في ربوع سورية

knuckle). In addition to the thousands of pumps built on the river to raise its water to the lands of its valley and its surroundings, this of course left a clear impact on the flow of the river in its sector.

lowest.

The question is, aren't these civilizational water achievements qualified to attract tourists and researchers to learn about their effects and the accuracy of their implementation? And aren't these achievements true evidence of the extensive reconstruction of Wadi al-Khabour since the ages? We often hear from the tongues of the long-lived of the people of the region, the traveler on the banks of the Khabour, he could not stop hearing the crowing of the roosters, wherever he went. And that the mortal old woman, if she left her house and walked on her way, and then fatigue overtook her, would not be lacking wherever she was in an inhabited place to take refuge, and this is evidence of the large number of people on both sides.

Among the ancient cities, countries, villages, and historical sites that existed on the banks of the Khabour, from Al-Hasakah to Al-Basira, and its ruins bear witness to it today, we mention among the most famous of them:

Tannir is an ancient city that was large and important during the Roman era. It was known as “Great Tanuris”. Today, only a hill known by this name remains on the left bank of the river, about 14 km southeast of Al-Hasakah.

Tell Ajaja, or what is also known as Tell Araban; It is located to the north of Al-Shadadi, about 19 km, near Ajaja Gharbia. An ancient city known as “Shadokani” was located in it, which reached its peak of prosperity in the Babylonian and Assyrian eras, and preserved it in the Roman and Arab eras. Al-Shaddadi: Tell Al-Shaddadi is one of the huge hills in Al-Khabur Al-Awsat

Its height is about 30 meters, and it overlooks the current town and the surrounding plains. Al-Fadghmi: A hill on the left bank of Khabour, where an old fort was located.

Al-Shamsaniyya: An ancient fortified city, near which there was a castle about 30 meters high above the plain, overlooking the city, which still contains the ruins of huge walls that preceded the Roman era, to which Roman facilities were added. Which

Today is a small village.

Maxine, an ancient city, is located on its site today, the town of Markada, in which traces of huge walls and a deep trench were found to impose defense, most of which are of the Byzantine style. It is located to the north of Tell Husayn, about 13 km, on the western side of the Euphrates River.

- Sheikh Hamad Hill, which contains within its folds an ancient Assyrian city. As we indicated

to that previously.

- Paintings of the walls of a fortified hill opposite Sheikh Hamad on the right bank of Al-Khabur, a huge hill with regular sides and a steep slope, seen at the top from the Byzantine era. And between him and Al-Khabour, the fees of the old city. The castle of Tell Hussein overlooked Marqadah to the north and Tire to the south. huge

- Al-Sour: An ancient town that had a great importance in the different eras of history due to the importance of its location, and this is evidenced by its lofty human hill to a height of about 30 m. The land around it, surrounded by a deep trench to defend it, dates back to the Assyrian era. There are traces of a huge square-shaped building that is likely to be a Roman fort

old

Al-Fudain is an Assyrian city, in which remains of Byzantine and Arab walls were found. It has the form of a fortified city; It has several heights in the middle of which is a large hill that was its main fortress. Until today, Tell Fudayn remains the clearest example of the fortified cities in the lower Khabur basin between Sur and Busira on the right bank of Khabur.

From the hills, and between Marqadah and Al-Hasakah, there are many on both sides of the river, which are either the ruins of fortified agricultural villages or military centers to protect the civilized institutions that extend to all sides, and from those hills - except for the aforementioned; Al-Mutairiyya Hill and Al-Mashnaqa Hill, which were in their place two ancient fortified cities, along with dozens of other human hills to the south of Marqadah on both sides of the river.

And such a huge spread of historical centers and archaeological sites, isn't it worthy alone to draw the attention of tourists to visit and learn about it and the civilizations of the early Arabs? . The Khabur was and still is full of life, so the ships coated with bitumen used to sail through it loaded with goods from one place to another on its banks, and agriculture was flourishing and trade was active, and in that Ibn Al-Arabi sang describing the nostalgia of his camel to the Khabour, as if he were describing his own feelings, as he said:

My she-camel saw the water and goodness of the Euphrates, and she longed for the khabur when she saw it, so I said to her some nostalgia, so he commanded from Dafli Al-Zaaf and Aqra Sabah Al-Nabait and Al-Safin Al-Maqir (1) to find you, but I was still with me

Today, Al-Khabur is full of life on both sides, and various crops fill its valley of cotton, yellow corn, vegetables, sesame, and potatoes.

(1) Nabeet: Those engaged in agriculture, tarred ships.