المقومات الجغرافية والتاريخية للاقليم ٢_a .. كتاب في ربوع سورية

C (The average temperature of February in Safita is 3.6 degrees C in Slenfeh, 4.5 degrees C in Jubat al-Burghal, 2 and 6 degrees C in Qadmous, and 8 and 5 degrees C in Kasab. However, the temperature in summer is generally moderate in In the mountains, its average in the month of August is 25 degrees C in Safita, 3.7 C in Slenfeh, and 22.7 C in Kasab. The absolute maximum temperature does not exceed 35 C in the mountain, but the absolute minimum temperature drops in winter in some years to less than 5 C. The relative humidity is generally high in the mountains throughout the year, as its average ranges between 65-72% in February, and the relative humidity decreases in the coastal plain (Salunfa 65% in August, Lattakia 73 August) and the moderate temperature makes the weather comfortable and very suitable for summer, rest and recreation in all regions. parts of the mountainous region However, the winter is severely cold and uncomfortable in the mountain but it is relatively cold in the coastal plain The month of August is between 8670 in the mountain than it is in comfortable

Between mm, the coastal region and the coastal mountains are the most rainy and abundant water regions in Syria. The annual amount of precipitation ranges from the coastal plain to more than 1 mm in the mountains (Safita 1078 mm, Slenfeh 1310 mm, Jubat al-Burghal 1530 m, Kasab 1492 mm). Also, snow falls abundantly in the mountains, especially those levels that are located at an altitude of more than 800 mm, and snow remains in some years in which it falls a lot, such as the year 1968, and the winter of 1992-1993, covering the high ground for several consecutive days. The snow thickness may reach more than half a meter and sometimes exceed a meter in some locations. In February of 1968, snow fell with a thickness of 34 cm in Kasab, 40 cm in Jubbet al-Burghal (99 cm in December of 1970), 99 cm in As-Sulnafa and 15 cm in al-Qadmous.
The coastal region and the coastal mountains are rich in surface and subsurface waters, and this is due to the abundance of precipitation on the one hand and the mountainous appearance sloping westward on the other hand. For calcareous rocks - that is, the dominance of karstic manifestations, so that the water seeping through springs bulges into valleys and basins, and this makes the high calcareous mountains of rocky structure little surface ground water despite the abundance of precipitation in it. Although there are dozens of water valleys in the mountains sloping towards the sea coast, the vast majority of them have seasonal flow (Al-Qandil, Al-Rous, Harisoun, Banias, Al-Sawbar, Al-Burgul, Al-Marqiya, Al-Husn Al-Abrash). As for the permanent flowing rivers, they are represented in: Al-Kabir Al-Shamali River (its length in Syria is 56 km, and its average abundance is about 1 and 3 m3 / (sq.). The fronts of the western slopes of the mountains, valleys and basins abound in water springs of a karst nature, which are estimated to be in the hundreds, and some of those springs are of a mineral nature, as in the famous Drakeesh spring, whose water is bottled and marketed inside and outside Syria.As for natural lakes, they do not exist in the region. And its artificial lakes were created by man by building storage and regulatory dams on the Al-Sailiya and seasonal-flowing valleys, as in the Bellouran Dam and its beautiful lake on the Latakia-Kasb road - and on the valleys of the permanent rivers, as in the 16th of Tishreen Dam on the Al-Kabir Al-Shamali River.

The region of the coast and coastal mountains is primarily agricultural. We can distinguish two agricultural regions in it: (a) - the region of vegetables, citrus fruits and beans

Sudani in the coastal plains and (b) - the territory of fruit trees, tobacco and olive trees in the mountains. It is one of the most important agricultural regions of Syria in the production of citrus, peanuts and tobacco. He contributed to the development of agriculture in the coastal plain projects Nahr Al-Sun (1958) and the sixteenth of Tishreen on the Great North (1983). And if the coastal plain has been heavily exploited agriculturally, and despite the exploitation of part of the mountains agriculturally, more than half of its area is still covered with tree forests and bushes, where there are forests of oak, oak, pine, juniper, sherbin, plane tree, myrtle, and other tall trees. More than 1,000 tons of honey are harvested annually from the Syrian Mediterranean. fish

In the past thirty years, a number of modern industries have been established in the coastal plain, including: manufacturing and roasting peanuts in Tartous, conserves and tobacco in Jableh, weaving in Lattakia, spinning in Jableh, cement in Burj Islam in Lattakia and Tartous, and plywood in Lattakia, as well as oils and electric motors in Lattakia , and oil refining in Banias, and the electrical and thermal station in Banias as well, in addition to olive oil presses that are widely spread throughout its cultivation, in addition to many traditional industries, such as in the manufacture of boats, boats, and various fishing supplies. Some of the industries established in the region (oil refining, cement, thermal power station) have a negative impact on the environment due to their pollution. Some of them have an impact on the terrestrial environment and the atmosphere, while others affect the coastal marine environment.

The current population of the region, according to 1992 estimates in the light of the 1981 census, is about 193 million people distributed over the two governorates of Latakia