تويت
#الورد_الجوري? او الورد الدمشقي ? #Rosa_damascena
Rosa × damascena (Latin for damascene rose),
more commonly known as::
the Damask rose, or sometimes as
Bulgarian rose,
Turkish rose,
Taif rose,
Arab rose,
Ispahan rose and
Castile rose,
is a rose hybrid, derived from Rosa gallica and Rosa moschata.??????
تنتمي إلى الفصيلة النباتية الوردية???،
سميت بهذا الاسم في الغرب لأن الغرب عرفها أثناء حملاته على بلاد الشام، وليس لأن أصل الوردة من بلاد الشام، ???
وذلك لأنها وردة مهجنة وليست أصيلة، ???
وقد أثبت فحص الحمض النووي أنها تتألف من ثلاث أنواع من الورد:: 1-الورد المسكي ???
2-الورد الفرنسي ???
3-وردة أخرى من آسيا الوسطى هي Rosa fedtschenkoana،
أي أن لا موطنًا أصليًا لها، ???
ولا يعرف المكان الذي هُجنت فيه على وجه التحديد.???
تجود زراعة الورد في الأراضي الصفراء (الرملية) الغنية بالمواد الغذائية بشرط أن تكون جيدة الصرف وخالية من الأملاح??
تسمد بالسماد البلدي القديم بمعدل 25 متر/فدان وذلك بمعدل 1 مقطف/متر مربع من الأرض.???
ولا يحتاج إلى الأسمدة الكيميائية.???
الآفات التي تصيب الورد::?????????
مرض البياض الدقيقي: مرض فطري يصيب الأوراق والبراعم على شكل بُقع بيضاء تشبه الدقيق ويعالج بالرش بمحلول الصودا الكاوية والصابون قوة 1.5%.?????????
الصدأ: وهو مرض فطري أيضًا يظهر على الأوراق والسيقان على شكل مسحوق أصفر برتقالي ويعالج بتقليم النبتات في آخر يناير ثم جمع الأجزاء المصابة وحرقها ثم ترش النباتات بمحلول كبريتات النحاس قوة 1%.????????????
حشرة المن: يعالج بالرش بسلفات النيونيكوتين.???
حشرة العنكبوت الأحمر: يعفر بالكبريت.???
DNA analysis has shown that a third species, Rosa fedtschenkoana, has made some genetic contributions to the Damask rose.????
The flowers are renowned for their fine fragrance, and are commercially harvested for rose oil (either "rose otto" or "rose absolute") used in perfumery and to make rose water and "rose concrete". ????
The flower petals are also edible. ????
They may be used to flavor food, as a garnish, as an herbal tea, and preserved in sugar as gulkand.?
The Damask rose is a deciduous shrub growing to 2.2 metres tall, the stems densely armed with stout, curved prickles and stiff bristles. ????
The leaves are pinnate, with five leaflets. ?
The roses are a light to moderate pink to light red. ?
The relatively small flowers grow in groups. ??
The bush has an informal shape. ??
It is considered an important type of Old Rose, and also important for its prominent place in the pedigree of many other types.??
Cultivation????????????
Rosa × damascena is optimally cultivated in hedge rows to help protect the blooms from wind damage and to facilitate harvesting them.
Gathering the flowers is intense manual labor.
There are about 20–40 days per year when harvesting occurs, depending on the cultivar grown.
The roses are gathered by hand and brought to a central location for steam distillation.
Iran, Bulgaria and Turkey are the most prolific producers of rose oil from the different cultivars of Rosa × damascena.
France and India also contribute significantly to the world market. Morocco, Tunisia, and some Middle Eastern nations also historically produced it, but their modern contribution is negligible. Other producers are Afghanistan and Chile.
The towns of Kazanlak and Karlovo, Bulgaria has been inhabited for thousands of years.
Most historians assume that the cultivation of the "Bulgarian rose", as Rosa × damascena is denominated in that region.
It is reported that roses have been cultivated in the area since Roman times.
It is cultivated for commercial use in an area in the vicinity of Kazanlak and Karlovo called the "Valley of Roses".
The distillate from these roses is called "Bulgarian Rose Oil" and "Bulgarian Rose Otto".
Turkish rose oil is sold as "Rose Oil", "Turkish Rose Otto", and "Rosa Damascena Attar", or "Ittar" in similar languages.
While families still operate their own small distilleries and produce what is denominated "village oil", the commercialization of rose oil as a high quality product is carefully regulated by a state cooperative in the Isparta region of Turkey.
Rosa × damascena (Latin for damascene rose),
more commonly known as::
the Damask rose, or sometimes as
Bulgarian rose,
Turkish rose,
Taif rose,
Arab rose,
Ispahan rose and
Castile rose,
is a rose hybrid, derived from Rosa gallica and Rosa moschata.??????
تنتمي إلى الفصيلة النباتية الوردية???،
سميت بهذا الاسم في الغرب لأن الغرب عرفها أثناء حملاته على بلاد الشام، وليس لأن أصل الوردة من بلاد الشام، ???
وذلك لأنها وردة مهجنة وليست أصيلة، ???
وقد أثبت فحص الحمض النووي أنها تتألف من ثلاث أنواع من الورد:: 1-الورد المسكي ???
2-الورد الفرنسي ???
3-وردة أخرى من آسيا الوسطى هي Rosa fedtschenkoana،
أي أن لا موطنًا أصليًا لها، ???
ولا يعرف المكان الذي هُجنت فيه على وجه التحديد.???
تجود زراعة الورد في الأراضي الصفراء (الرملية) الغنية بالمواد الغذائية بشرط أن تكون جيدة الصرف وخالية من الأملاح??
تسمد بالسماد البلدي القديم بمعدل 25 متر/فدان وذلك بمعدل 1 مقطف/متر مربع من الأرض.???
ولا يحتاج إلى الأسمدة الكيميائية.???
الآفات التي تصيب الورد::?????????
مرض البياض الدقيقي: مرض فطري يصيب الأوراق والبراعم على شكل بُقع بيضاء تشبه الدقيق ويعالج بالرش بمحلول الصودا الكاوية والصابون قوة 1.5%.?????????
الصدأ: وهو مرض فطري أيضًا يظهر على الأوراق والسيقان على شكل مسحوق أصفر برتقالي ويعالج بتقليم النبتات في آخر يناير ثم جمع الأجزاء المصابة وحرقها ثم ترش النباتات بمحلول كبريتات النحاس قوة 1%.????????????
حشرة المن: يعالج بالرش بسلفات النيونيكوتين.???
حشرة العنكبوت الأحمر: يعفر بالكبريت.???
DNA analysis has shown that a third species, Rosa fedtschenkoana, has made some genetic contributions to the Damask rose.????
The flowers are renowned for their fine fragrance, and are commercially harvested for rose oil (either "rose otto" or "rose absolute") used in perfumery and to make rose water and "rose concrete". ????
The flower petals are also edible. ????
They may be used to flavor food, as a garnish, as an herbal tea, and preserved in sugar as gulkand.?
The Damask rose is a deciduous shrub growing to 2.2 metres tall, the stems densely armed with stout, curved prickles and stiff bristles. ????
The leaves are pinnate, with five leaflets. ?
The roses are a light to moderate pink to light red. ?
The relatively small flowers grow in groups. ??
The bush has an informal shape. ??
It is considered an important type of Old Rose, and also important for its prominent place in the pedigree of many other types.??
Cultivation????????????
Rosa × damascena is optimally cultivated in hedge rows to help protect the blooms from wind damage and to facilitate harvesting them.
Gathering the flowers is intense manual labor.
There are about 20–40 days per year when harvesting occurs, depending on the cultivar grown.
The roses are gathered by hand and brought to a central location for steam distillation.
Iran, Bulgaria and Turkey are the most prolific producers of rose oil from the different cultivars of Rosa × damascena.
France and India also contribute significantly to the world market. Morocco, Tunisia, and some Middle Eastern nations also historically produced it, but their modern contribution is negligible. Other producers are Afghanistan and Chile.
The towns of Kazanlak and Karlovo, Bulgaria has been inhabited for thousands of years.
Most historians assume that the cultivation of the "Bulgarian rose", as Rosa × damascena is denominated in that region.
It is reported that roses have been cultivated in the area since Roman times.
It is cultivated for commercial use in an area in the vicinity of Kazanlak and Karlovo called the "Valley of Roses".
The distillate from these roses is called "Bulgarian Rose Oil" and "Bulgarian Rose Otto".
Turkish rose oil is sold as "Rose Oil", "Turkish Rose Otto", and "Rosa Damascena Attar", or "Ittar" in similar languages.
While families still operate their own small distilleries and produce what is denominated "village oil", the commercialization of rose oil as a high quality product is carefully regulated by a state cooperative in the Isparta region of Turkey.