أبو الفداء ١_a .. كتاب مائة أوائل من تراثنا ، الكاتب عبد الهادي حرصوني

Fida

Military soldiers, called 4 after the Muslims conquered the Levant, they divided it into four regions, each with a name of soldiers, namely: the soldiers of Homs Damascus, the soldiers of Palestine, the soldiers of Jordan, and the soldiers of Homs included the center and north of the Levant, and in the days of Yazid bin Muawiyah, the soldiers of Homs were divided It was divided into two parts, so that the north of the Levant was singled out in a special army called by the name of Jund Qinnasrin, but this division did not last after Yazid except for a little while. North of the Levant, and the Jazira region, and it is concluded from various sources that when the conquests took place, these tribes had lost their Bedouin character, and tended towards a life of stability in the countryside or in special areas attached to the cities of the Levant, and each of them was known as (present). Many tribes migrated from the peninsula towards the conquered countries, and the tribes that migrated from the north of the Arabian peninsula took the Euphrates Valley route, some of them ascended north towards the al-Jazeera region, then turned west towards the north of the Levant, and the new tribes were able to settle in their new areas of migration, and gain It has control and sovereignty, as this migration had the greatest effects on composition
And with al-Bishri, and the political, social and civilizational future, the northern Levant, and the first of these results appeared in the distinction of this north making it a special army, the days became more distinguished for this north, and at the same time it emerged among the tribes to which the Kilab tribe migrated, and after the death of Yazid bin Muawiyah, and during the struggle for the caliphate, it was defeated Kalab in the battle of Marj Rahat, and the Kalb tribe, which led the Yemeni tribes and settled in the south of the Levant, was victorious. And the northern house became for dogs, and the southern for a dog, and the conflict continued between a dog and dogs, and it resulted in the clarification of the political division that befell the Levant, and this had serious consequences for the future of a number of prominent Levantine cities, as Homs was greatly affected, and it gradually began to lose its importance, as well as Qinnasrin. Then it began to retreat, and the importance of Aleppo increased, and it advanced to occupy a prominent place among the cities of the Levant, at the expense of both Qinnasrin and Antioch, and it became the capital and center of the conflict with the south, and in return the importance of Damascus increased, at the expense of Jerusalem and Ramla, and with time the struggle between the north and south of the Levant became a struggle between Aleppo and Damascus, and this picture became clear after the fall of the Umayyad state for a period of time because the Abbasid state, which took Iraq as its center, was overwhelmed by the problems of the eastern lands of the caliphate, and the western lands gave little of the north,
Al-Anaya, therefore, developed a defensive system in the border area with Byzantium, and this development was one of the factors that incited the progress of Aleppo, and qualified it to be a semi-independent political center.

By the end of the ninth century A.D., after the foundations of the Abbasid state began to disintegrate, and the independent Islamic state of Egypt came into being, and this state practiced a specific foreign policy towards the Levant, which stemmed from the nature of Egypt's geographical structure, and was based on the experiences of the history of relations between ancient Egypt and the Levant. It is a plain that has no boundaries with natural barriers to protect it. It was always invaded by the Levant, so the old policy of this country was based on the occupation of the Levant, to confront every emergency attack, outside the lands of Egypt, and this occupation was often accompanied by the aspirations and desires of the rulers, as it Push towards imperial expansion. The independent Islamic state of Egypt was not established, that this state succeeded in occupying the Levant, but it failed to keep the northern part, and it happened that after

For reasons including:

The distance in distances, and the existence of the Kilab tribe, which was keen to maintain its independence, and the policy of the Byzantine Empire, which wanted its direct borders not to be with a strong Islamic state, but wanted to have a small barrier state between them, and thus Aleppo preserved its independence, and attempts were made to establish an independent state in it. The Kilabis failed in this aim at the beginning because of their tribal structure, and Saif al-Dawla al-Hamdani succeeded in establishing the Hamdanid state in Aleppo, and he exerted great efforts, retaining Egypt in the south of the Levant, and he continued
Whereas, on this basis, the conflict between Aleppo and Damascus reached extreme levels of violence in the tenth and eleventh centuries CE. During this conflict, the decline of the city of Homs increased, and its destruction by the Byzantines in the tenth century helped to do so, and the Hama region became the land of conflict between Aleppo and Damascus, and this conflict helped push Hama and its progress, because the conflict between Aleppo and Damascus did not reach decisive and permanent results in favor of one of the two parties. Hama has benefited from that, and since the end of the eleventh century it began to turn from a field of conflict into a buffer zone between the two conflicting forces. The Levant failed to occupy Shaizar and Hama, but they were stationed not far from it, so they became one of the most important centers of resistance to the Crusader occupation. A number of castles and forts located to the west of Hama, and the Ismailis directed their activities against the Sunni Islamic authorities, so Hama became the most prominent center for monitoring anti-Sunni activity, and a base for confronting it. - 353 -

It also helped the advancement of Hama, and increased its importance, its important location on the Orontes River, its surroundings with a number of fortified centers such as Shayzar and Kafr Tab, and its abundant economic resources that enable it to bear the expenses of an independent state with its own court and soldiers.