البيروني .. كتاب مائة أوائل من تراثنا ، الكاتب عبد الهادي حرصوني

Al-Biruni Abu Al-Rayhan Muhammad bin Ahmed
973]
1044 or 1050 AD]

He is Abu al-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad, and he was nicknamed al-Biruni, relative to Perun in the city of Kath, which is a city in Sindh, and some Arab writers also called him al-Khwarizmi (such as Yaqut al-Hamawi) because it was the capital of the Khwarazm region (currently the Republic of Karachi, Pakistan).

He was born into an Iranian family on the third of Dhu al-Hijjah for the year 362 AH corresponding to the fourth of September for the year 973 AD. He remained in his homeland until the age of twenty-five, where he studied science at the hands of the great professors of the region, such as the athlete Abu Nasr bin Iraq al-Jilani, and his productions began to appear in During this period, he wrote to Ibn Sina, and he went to the Samanid Sultan Mansour II Ibn Noah in 387-389 AH and 997-999 AD. He honored the Sultan and benefited him, which prompted Al-Biruni to praise him.

Al-Biruni traveled to Gorgan in the year 388/998 AD, and he stayed there for a long time, then he traveled to Ray (near Tehran) and in the court of Gorgan he wrote his book (Calendars and History), and he presented his important research in mathematics, astronomy, and the science of meteorological phenomena, in a book Name it
He returned to Khwarazm in 399 AH / 1008 CE and worked in the service of Emir Kharezm Shah Abi al-Abbas Mamoun bin Mamoun, who entrusted him with some political missions. Ghazni [near present-day Kabul in Afghanistan] as a captive, so he entered the court of Sultan Mahmud bin Subaktkin Al-Ghaznawi and took work with him.

). The Sultan traveled to northwestern India, where he studied science with Hinduism, learned the Sanskrit language, and some other dialects, and acquired a lot of information that he included in his book “Achieving What India Says” He also completed his book “Understanding the Early Industry of Astrology.” After the Sultan died Mahmoud Al-Ghaznawi entered the service of his son, Sultan Masoud bin Mahmoud in the year 421 A.H., and presented him with a book (Al-Qanun Al-Masudi fi Al-Hayyah wa Al-Nujum), and Sultan Masoud presented to him in exchange for it the weight of an elephant’s load of silver.
However, Al-Biruni rejected it as well. He wrote a book on mineralogy and presented it to Sultan Mawdud bin Masoud, who assumed power in 432 AH, and it is the book (Al-Jamahir fi Ma’rifat al-Jawahir). Al-Biruni also wrote a book on medical drugs called (Pharmacy in Medicine), and it was a book that was considered unknown until it was printed in Berlin.
Al-Biruni most likely died in Ghazni, between the years 1044-1050 AD or a little later. Al-Biruni wrote most of his books in Arabic, although he spoke
. Al-Biruni was an encyclopedic scholar who researched, excelled, and wrote in the various sciences of his time. He is an author, historian, linguist, writer, and scholar of mathematics, natural sciences, and sciences.
- 12 12 - Small letters and large volumes, except that there are some books written by others and put under his name, which is a book put under his name by Abu al-Nasr, and a book put under his name by Abu Sahl Issa bin Yahya al-Jurjani. One author developed by Al-Hassan bin Ali Al-Jilani, totaling twenty-five authors. Al-Biruni is also famous for his scientific debates and discussions, along with other Al-Biruni solutions (Al-Biruni issues) that are not solved by rulers and compasses.
In Persian in his daily life, he also published some books in Persian at the end of his life
Perhaps the most important of them are his debates and letters with Ibn Sina. Al-Biruni was distinguished from others in that he was the bulk of his services to knowledge alone, and therefore we found him rejecting the gift of Sultan Masoud ». His services to science are innumerable, and perhaps the most important of them is that he spread the use of Indian numbers, the use of zeros for the denominator of the digits, and he also calculated the geometric series for the scholars’ chess houses.
Among them, the angle divided it into three sections, and he said: The speed of light is much greater than the speed of the earth, and he extracted the specific weights of eighteen precious metals and stones with an accuracy close to our accuracy these days.