ابن خلدون ١_a .. كتاب مائة أوائل من تراثنا ، الكاتب عبد الهادي حرصوني

Neldon Barry

T [808:

The talk about the civilization of the Arabs in Andalusia, no matter how deep and scientific it is, is a truncated hadith, because it has not been written yet, and it will not be written. A person has the ability to come to know what the Arabs created in this lost paradise. The Arab civilization in Andalusia reached the peak of giving and was comprehensive. Depth and highness are in a place that does not crowd, and the Iberian Peninsula did not witness a civilized progress during history comparable to what it witnessed under the rule of the Arabs, and the fall of Andalusia was a tragic victory for the forces of evil and destruction over the forces of goodness and giving and the civilizational advancement that arose in Andalusia can be attributed to several reasons And factors, including the factor of challenge and response. In addition to that, the society of Andalusia was Islamic through the meeting of several human races from the white and black peoples of Europe, Asia, and Africa, all of which blended within the crucible of Islamic law and under the shadow of Arabism, and this did not happen in another country. The fall of Andalusia destroyed most of the features of civilization there, but what survived the destruction and reached us, provided us and still provides inexhaustible information, in which we see all the foundations of renaissance in the world, as we see in it what did not. true -may
Western civilization is now reaching it. Talking about the civilization of Andalusia is very passionate and exciting, and perhaps researching some of its aspects is sufficient - albeit temporarily to demonstrate, and let our topic now be the aspects of political and social thinking. We note that the eighth and ninth centuries of the Hijrah are the two centuries in which the production of this art reached its peak, and we can see this in a number of single books or in the introductions to some historical books such as the books of Ibn Marzouk, Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, Ibn al-Azraq, and Ibn Khaldun

And with and among all of these comes Ibn Khaldun locally, and he is Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad bin Muhammad, who traces his lineage to a Yemeni Arab family whose grandfather Khalid participated in the conquests of Andalusia. After several generations, it turned into the city of Seville, at the end of the third century AH, and its members began to participate in some public activities, but as

Seems secondary ones. And the Khaldun family continued like this until the Umayyad caliphate fell, and it was replaced by the rule of the taifa kings, and the state of the Banu Abbad, which took Seville as its headquarters, was the greatest of the sectarian states, and during the era of the Banu Abbad some of the Khaldun family received high positions in Seville, but the sectarian states did not last long, Where I was liquidated by Yusuf bin Tashfin, the Emir of the Muslims in the Almoravid state, and it is known that the Almoravid state did not live after Yusuf bin Tashfin
And it happened that it was only a short period, when the Almohads eliminated it, Seville, the first city of Andalusia that took the initiative to recognize the Almohads, for this reason the Almohads gave it special attention, and during the era of the Almohads, Banu Khaldun cooperated with the governors of Seville

When weakness afflicted the Almohad state, the disaster of the Battle of Al-Aqab occurred in 609 AH, which was the beginning of the actual end of the fall of Andalusia, after which the mother cities of Andalusia began to fall one after the other, and this caused the migration of large quantities of the population of Andalusia to the countries of North Africa, and Banu Khaldun was among those who emigrated. They came first to Ceuta, then joined the Hafsid state, which was based in Tunisia, and its authority sometimes extended to lands from Morocco, Algeria and Andalusia.

And the state of the Almohads fell in Morocco, and it was inherited there by Banu Marin, in Algeria Banu Abd al-Wad, and the history of Banu Marin and the history of Banu Abd al-Wad is characterized by permanent conflict, successive divisions, and successive revolutions, which gave is instability in every aspect, as we see, for example, that the men of administration and governance are ministers Leaders and others used to find themselves, after every incident or battle, either returning to the service of their first master, or moving to the service of a new master, and so because of that there was nothing that could be called in the name of continuous political loyalty and permanent loyalty. Muhammad ibn Khaldun, the father of our historian, occupied himself with studies and attainment, and abstained from positions and politics. That is why tomorrow became one of the most prominent scholars of jurisprudence, language and poetry in Tunisia, and he died in the year 5749 / 1349 AD, as a result of a sweeping plague.