عبد الرحمن الداخل .. كتاب مائة أوائل من تراثنا ، الكاتب عبد الهادي حرصوني

Abdul Rahman inside

Bar (T: 113 - 172 A.H. 731 - 788 A.D.)

He is Abd al-Rahman bin Muawiyah bin Hisham bin Abd al-Malik. He was born in Damascus in the year 113 AH / 731 AD. His mother was a Berber from Morocco. His father died when he was a child. His grandfather, Hisham, took special care of him and trained him well.

And when the Abbasid caliphate fell, Abd al-Rahman disappeared among his family members, and under the pressure of persecution, he fled towards Palestine and Egypt, and then headed to Morocco, accompanied by a freed slave named Badr.

The kingdom and the countries of Morocco had not yet entered under the nascent Abbasid authority, and after Morocco and its political situation encouraged members of the Umayyad house to seek refuge in it, and seek protection from its tribes, and this is what Abd al-Rahman ibn Muawiyah did, first hiding in Cyrenaica, then heading towards Tahert in the central Maghreb Then he went to the Meknesas tribes, and they lived in what is now known as the Taza region of the Moroccan Meknesas, and after five years had passed, being displaced from one place to another, trying his luck here and there, he went to the lands of his mother’s tribe, which was close to his Sabta and the lands of

From Ahwaz Ceuta, Abd al-Rahman surveyed the conditions of Andalusia, and he saw a land suitable for adventure and political conditions that helped, and Andalusia was living
At that time, under the umbrella of the conflict between the Berbers on the one hand and the Arabs on the other hand, and the Arabs were suffering from tribal rupture, so the mandate of Andalusia at that time was in the hands of Yusuf bin Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri, but that was only apparent, as one of the leaders and his name was al-Sumayl bin Hatim seized the reins of power. A bitter hidden struggle between the legitimate prince and the actual ruler, each seeking to trap and get rid of its owner

Abd al-Rahman knew all of that, so he sent his master Badr to Andalusia, where he contacted a group of Umayyad loyalists, with whom he commanded the passage of Abd al-Rahman to Andalusia to obtain the emirate in it, and Abd al-Rahman crossed to Andalusia, and he moved quickly, ingenuity and courage to extract the emirate, and with the days his strength increased Against the weakness of his opponents, he succeeded on the day of Eid al-Adha (14-May 756 AD) in entering Cordoba, which was the capital of Andalusia for the Islamic year 138 AH.

The supplication was not completed, and after Abd al-Rahman became the master of Cordoba, the sermon was delivered in his name on Friday. This sermon was for the caliph, because the caliph at that time was Abu Jaafar al-Mansur, and al-Mansur was an enemy of the Umayyad family, so it was illogical for the sermon to be delivered in his name and to acknowledge his caliphate. A new situation in the political structure of the Muslims, for Abd al-Rahman retained the title of Emir for himself, and thus he was like those who preceded him in the rule of Andalusia. He seizes power by usurpation, but with
them

Caliphate authority and grant them

Establishing the rule of legitimacy, and this did not happen to Abd al-Rahman, so he was the first Emir of Andalusia to separate this state from the body of the Islamic state in a complete political separation, an independent hereditary family in it, and the new thing that seeks in this matter is the theoretical and legislative side more than the practical side, so in practice it was Andalusia has always been independent, with a loose thread linking it to the legitimate authorities of Ifriqiya or Damascus, so Abd al-Rahman cut this thread, thus starting a new era in the history of Andalusia, setting a dangerous precedent in the history of Islam, and its political territorial integrity. And after Abd al-Rahman became the master of Cordoba, he faced many extremely important issues. He had to complete his control over the rest of Andalusia, and a solution that created conflict problems between the Arabs and Berbers, and between the Arabs themselves from Qaysiyya and Yamaniyyah. He also had to deal with the social and agricultural problems of his state. Abd al-Rahman’s accession to the rule of Andalusia coincided with the beginning of major transformations in Andalusian society, especially among the indigenous people, because significant numbers of them began to convert to Islam for reasons that resulted either from private convictions, or driven by financial and political aspirations and interests with the defeat of the Church. Spain and its bankruptcy in the face of the Islamic call, and the emerging Arab civilization flowing with life and renewal, and those who entered Islam were called the Mawlidin, and they formed a special group that was somewhat distinguished from the groups of the followers in the East, as it resembled them in some aspects.

That those who preceded him were after the seizure recognize