الزراعة إنّ الزراعة هي عملية إنتاج الغذاء للإنسان بشكل رئيسي، عن طريق فلاحة الأرض بالبذور والنباتات، ورعايتها حتى تكبر وتؤتي ثمارها، بالإضافة إلى تجهيزها وحرثها قبل الزراعة، والتسميد وفق قواعدٍ وأسسٍ علمية، إلى جانب الاهتمام بالري، ومعرفة التدابير الزراعية المطلوبة لكل صنفٍ زراعي، وتُعتبر التربة الوسط المثالي لعملية الزراعة، وهي النمط الزراعي الأكثر شيوعاً، لكن أظهرت العديد من التجارب العلمية إمكانية الزراعة في أوساط أُخرى أبرزها الماء، وفي هذا المقال سنتحدث عن الزراعة في الماء. الزراعة بدون تربة ظهرت الزراعة بدون تربة وهي الزراعة المائية نتيجة العديد من الدراسات التي بيّنت أنّ النبات يمكن له العيش دون تربة إذا ما توفر له ما يحتاجه من الماء، إلى جانب بعض العناصر الغذائية الأُخرى، كما أنّها ظهرت كحلّ للمناطق التي يسودها الجفاف، والتي تتعرض فيها التربة للعديد من المشاكل البيئية كالتصحر، والانجراف، ويقوم مبدأ الزراعة المائية وأهم أشكالها الزراعة المائية بالأنابيب على زراعة العديد من الأصناف النباتية وفق فتحات مياه في الأنبوب، بالإضافة إلى العديد من المكوّنات الأُخرى. مكوّنات الزراعة بدون تربة حوضا التغذية والتفريغ: هما عبارة عن حوضين من الماء، يُخصص الأول للعناصر الغذائية للنبات إلى جانب السماد، عبر نظام الأنابيب المائية، إلى جانب حوض التفريغ الذي تُفرغ فيه الماء بعد خروجها من الأنابيب، وفي كثير من الأحيان، يتم استخدام حوض واحد فقط تخرج المياه منه ثمّ تعود إليه أيضاً. مضخة لنقل المياه عبر الأنابيب: ليس بالضرورة أن تكون لدى المضخة قدرة ضخ عالية لعدم الحاجة لضخها كميات كبيرة من الماء، إلى أماكن بعيدة أو مُرتفعة، حيثُ غالباً ما تكون الزراعة المائية بالأنابيب على مستوى منتصف طول الإنسان العادي. شبكة أنابيب: تقوم الزراعة المائية على أساس استخدام الأنابيب المائية التي يكون قطرها متراوحاً بين أربعة إلى ستة إنشات تقريباً، وتكون تلك الأنابيب مزودة بفتحات من الجهة العلوية، وهو المكان الذي توضع فيه الأشتال، وغالباً ما تكون هذه الأنابيب مُرتبة أُفقياً، لكنها قد تأتي على شكل هرمي مثلاً. أصص: هي أوعية الطين التي توضع فيها الأشتال، أما في حال الزراعة المائية فتحتوي هذه الأصص على بعض الحصى لتثبيت الأشتال في الفتحات الموجودة في الأنابيب. خصائص الزراعة بدون تربة فتح المجال للزراعة في أي مكان دون الحاجة إلى التربة وغرس الأشتال. التوفير في استخدام الماء والعناصر المُغذية (الأسمدة) لعدم وجود تربة، وبالتالي ضمان عدم وجود فاقد مياه فيها، حيث يتم في الزراعة المائية إعادة استخدام الماء، وكذلك الأسمدة الفائضة عن حاجة الأشتال الموجودة في الفتحات. عدم الحاجة للقيام بالكثير من العمليات الزراعية مثل الحراثة، والتعشيب كما الزراعة العادية في التربة، وبالتالي توفير الوقت والجُهد على القائمين على الزراعة. الحفاظ على البيئة؛ حيثُ تُعتبر الزراعة المائية زراعة صديقة للبيئة بدرجة عالية، فلا داعي عند اتباعها لاستخدام المبيدات الحشرية، أو مبيدات الأعشاب. إمكانية إنتاج المحصول الواحد أكثر من مرة خلال العام الواحد، ورفع مستوى الإنتاجية بحسب الرغبة.
Agriculture Agriculture is mainly the process of producing food for humans, by cultivating the land with seeds and plants, and caring for it until it grows and bears fruit, in addition to preparing and plowing it before planting, and fertilizing according to scientific rules and foundations, in addition to paying attention to irrigation, and knowing the agricultural measures required for each agricultural variety, Soil is considered the ideal medium for the cultivation process, and it is the most common agricultural method, but many scientific experiments have shown the possibility of cultivation in other media, most notably water, and in this article we will talk about agriculture in water. Agriculture without soil Soilless agriculture, which is hydroponics, emerged as a result of many studies that showed that plants can live without soil if they are provided with the water they need, along with some other nutrients. The soil contains many environmental problems such as desertification and erosion, and the principle of hydroponics, the most important form of which is pipe hydroponics, is based on the cultivation of many plant varieties according to water holes in the tube, in addition to many other components. Components of soilless cultivation The feeding and emptying basins: They are two basins of water, the first is allocated for the nutrients of the plant along with the fertilizer, through the water pipe system, along with the emptying basin in which the water is emptied after leaving the pipes, and in many cases, a basin is used Only one water comes out of it and then returns to it too. A pump for transporting water through pipes: the pump does not have to have a high pumping capacity because it does not need to pump large amounts of water to remote or high places, where piped hydroponics is often at the level of the average person’s mid-length. Pipe network: Hydroponics is based on the use of water pipes, whose diameter ranges from approximately four to six inches, and these pipes are equipped with holes on the upper side, which is the place where the seedlings are placed, and these pipes are often arranged horizontally, but they may come on pyramid shape, for example. Pots: They are the clay containers in which the seedlings are placed. In the case of hydroponics, these pots contain some pebbles to fix the seedlings in the holes in the pipes. Characteristics of cultivation without soil Opening the way for cultivation anywhere without the need for soil and planting seedlings. Saving in the use of water and nutrients (fertilizers) due to the lack of soil, and thus ensuring that there is no water loss in it. In hydroponics, water is reused, as well as fertilizers surplus to the needs of the seedlings in the holes. Not having to do a lot of agricultural operations such as plowing and weeding as normal cultivation in the soil, thus saving time and effort for those in charge of agriculture. Preserving the environment; Where hydroponics is considered a highly environmentally friendly cultivation, there is no need for the use of pesticides or herbicides when followed. The possibility of producing one crop more than once during one year, and raising the level of productivity as desired.
Agriculture Agriculture is mainly the process of producing food for humans, by cultivating the land with seeds and plants, and caring for it until it grows and bears fruit, in addition to preparing and plowing it before planting, and fertilizing according to scientific rules and foundations, in addition to paying attention to irrigation, and knowing the agricultural measures required for each agricultural variety, Soil is considered the ideal medium for the cultivation process, and it is the most common agricultural method, but many scientific experiments have shown the possibility of cultivation in other media, most notably water, and in this article we will talk about agriculture in water. Agriculture without soil Soilless agriculture, which is hydroponics, emerged as a result of many studies that showed that plants can live without soil if they are provided with the water they need, along with some other nutrients. The soil contains many environmental problems such as desertification and erosion, and the principle of hydroponics, the most important form of which is pipe hydroponics, is based on the cultivation of many plant varieties according to water holes in the tube, in addition to many other components. Components of soilless cultivation The feeding and emptying basins: They are two basins of water, the first is allocated for the nutrients of the plant along with the fertilizer, through the water pipe system, along with the emptying basin in which the water is emptied after leaving the pipes, and in many cases, a basin is used Only one water comes out of it and then returns to it too. A pump for transporting water through pipes: the pump does not have to have a high pumping capacity because it does not need to pump large amounts of water to remote or high places, where piped hydroponics is often at the level of the average person’s mid-length. Pipe network: Hydroponics is based on the use of water pipes, whose diameter ranges from approximately four to six inches, and these pipes are equipped with holes on the upper side, which is the place where the seedlings are placed, and these pipes are often arranged horizontally, but they may come on pyramid shape, for example. Pots: They are the clay containers in which the seedlings are placed. In the case of hydroponics, these pots contain some pebbles to fix the seedlings in the holes in the pipes. Characteristics of cultivation without soil Opening the way for cultivation anywhere without the need for soil and planting seedlings. Saving in the use of water and nutrients (fertilizers) due to the lack of soil, and thus ensuring that there is no water loss in it. In hydroponics, water is reused, as well as fertilizers surplus to the needs of the seedlings in the holes. Not having to do a lot of agricultural operations such as plowing and weeding as normal cultivation in the soil, thus saving time and effort for those in charge of agriculture. Preserving the environment; Where hydroponics is considered a highly environmentally friendly cultivation, there is no need for the use of pesticides or herbicides when followed. The possibility of producing one crop more than once during one year, and raising the level of productivity as desired.