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Photography throughout history

The evolution of lens amplitude

We remain with the stage of developing cameras, specifically with the possibilities of achieving the best results in terms of widening the angle of capturing the stage, which took a lot of pictures. And the narrowness of the field of vision and capture, leading to smoother and lighter cameras with higher technical capabilities.

In the year 1844, a new designer appeared in the field of making photocopiers, Frederic van Martens, who created a new machine that contained a wide lens that allowed taking pictures measuring 12 x 40 cm, using the principles of Daguerre to reach this result.

After a good period, two British designers, Johnson and Harrison, manufactured a new machine that they provided with a wide-angle lens that allows taking panoramic pictures at 110 degrees. That was in the year 1862... As for the year 1865, the designer Ross emerged, who increased the widening of the angle of capture to 120 degrees... But the only loophole that prevented these machines from being considered a scientific and practical technical leap was due to their large dimensions and heavy weight.

The nineteenth century is considered the entrance to the stage of artistic innovations in the world of photography, as photographers sought to transcend the limited capabilities of their cameras by producing their images in two stages. ! As they film the same scene twice, after moving the camera a few centimeters with the shot - the second - this is only done with fixed subjects - in order to achieve a wider percentage of the capture field. Of course, the film slide must be shifted, as the result will come on one slide.

This process undoubtedly requires great skill and extreme precision, which made the designers work on inventing new machines that perform the task on their own.. by placing two lenses on one machine, the lens apart from the other at the same distance that was specified for camera displacement - approximately 6 centimeters - and thus becomes possible. Capturing two spaces together or capturing more than one image also on a single Panoramiqu slide, and the most important machines that produced this basis are what was produced by (Stereo Senpic). It is obvious to mention that these innovations were mainly due to the expansion of the six-fold angle, and in the year 1902 Amsehu (Goetz) designed a machine with sixty heads capable of rotating in all directions in order to achieve visual images, and he was followed in this field by Leroy, who produced a camera Stereo) and because Kodak was one of the largest companies producing cameras at that time, it put its first concern on reducing the weight of the camera while simplifying the methods of using it, so that the general public could use it so that it would contribute to the prosperity of selling films and sensitive paper, and this was the main goal of the company at that time, on the other hand. Considering that the lack of machines in the hands of people means the diminishing of the film industry, and from this standpoint, the company obtained permission to develop a camera (Cirkut) for the American William Johnson, and began marketing it in 1904 ... In 1905, other companies began to develop many models of new machines, so it established, Glyvo. Scoop and manufacture a model that can be used as binoculars and a camera at the same time, and in 1906 Butcher made another machine that can take 15 pictures of the same person or subject on one slide - 15 lenses on one camera body -
And the British Holborn presented the same idea with nine pictures and a camera with nine lenses. At that stage, police and detective machines also spread, allowing for photographing fingerprints and other delicate matters, until it came to Kodak to introduce a new model of machines, but with one lens that rotates from left to right to allow capturing Panoramic image at a rate of 160 degrees. The Japanese and Russians continued to manufacture machines of this type, and the importance of these cameras emerged in taking rare pictures of military missions in World War II.

Color cameras!


Before the discovery of color films, the effort was focused on achieving color images through cameras and on the same regular slides used in black and white. Therefore, we mention here, and within the section «History of the camera, the stage related to the production of special machines that place colored filters over their lenses to achieve images of multiple colors.

The process was carried out in stages and according to the following form:

The first photo is taken with the red filter - for example - followed by a second photo with the blue filter and the third with the yellow filter to be reprinted by the specialists in the automatic printing press in the multiple colors taken and on one print.

Of these instruments, one became famous in Berlin in 1925, the Bermpohl.

And another in Britain in 1930 (Hilger) Hilger. However, as we know, integrated color images did not come except with the advent of color films, in which the quality of the camera no longer had the main credit.