التصوير مدخل لاكتشاف الفضاء الخارجي ١_a ، مجلة فن التصوير اللبنانية _ ع٨

Photography is an entrance to the discovery of outer space, from the first spacecraft to the Challenger

It has recently been shown beyond any doubt that photography in the judiciary must go hand in hand with the development of space science itself, because it constitutes the pillar for it in terms of diagnosing and addressing urgent problems - this is in addition to the media and propaganda role - and the matter has become more clear with the latest developments The special judicial films that were used during the space shuttle Challenger flight, which proved their superiority, compared to the pictures of the first space flights. Without photography, doubt would have surrounded the world about the validity of man's arrival to the outer planet. The picture is the conclusive evidence of the landing on the moon and the stages of its discovery.

In the first phase of the American space program, photography was considered a secondary issue. In the “Merry Curie” series, which included five orbital flights, the astronauts only took 300 photos, but with more requests for these photos, most of which were distributed, the authorities realized the actual value of them. And the scientific foundations on which it is based justify giving it more attention, as these images are the first credit for recording information about the globe and the judicial environment, and their role was evident when the astronauts announced that, despite their vast distance from Earth, they were able to see the moving trains on the railways. The authorities did not believe the matter This prompted the pioneers, on a subsequent trip, to take pictures confirming their statements, so they returned with pictures from space proving that the view of the earth from there is beyond description and imagination. Scientists worked on these pictures, and they found details that no one had noticed before, even through aerial surveys. As a result of these pictures, a new science was created. It is completely to detect the sources of the globe from a distance .. In addition to this scientific goal, there was another goal for the photographs, which is the propaganda value of them, and with the increasing demand for these images, it became certain that The great value of these trips to the general public is represented by the photographs that these trips bring back, and thus the huge costs of space programs have become additional blackboards, not even necessary.
Pioneers - Photographers are adequately trained in photography, despite the skill of some of them who possessed. They had black rooms of their own, and it was seen at the beginning that the astronauts were not instructed by the authorities to do more than turn on the cameras because they were not dismissed by the methods they wanted, but at a later stage and with flights. Amulu, and . Skylab, the authorities showed some flexibility, and this about the basic technical tasks is inspiring. Thus, in the first flights, they were deprived of bitter photography about the points, the greatest and most useful images. The development of satellite imaging devices at the beginning. The first was the Hasselblad, which underwent a major modification so that it was no longer similar to the well-known standard pattern. This professional camera with a roll film removed the woman and the glass screen from it, because the space authorities (NASA) prohibited the use of glass on the back of spacecraft, and only the camera lens was excluded from the camera. This prohibition also modified the settings in the camera so that it was distinguished by handles and controls that can be operated through the gloves of the palms in the space suit, because the American space capsules are characterized by a low-pressure oxygen atmosphere. Which requires preventing the introduction of any gas-generating materials. Amendments have been made to The footnote of the pederite, also with an effective cover, either coated with aluminum oxide for space use, or with silver for the surface of the moon, where it will be on the camera. Thus, space cameras were distinguished to bear continuous solar heat for long periods, as the surface there are internal changes that included changing the patting materials with non-sustainable ones. It is flammable in the oxygen atmosphere, and the film was made of glossy film, which reflects the heat and keeps it away, which protects the camera from excessive copying. Thinner materials than usual - polyester film, instead of tri
estate. . To help stuff and besides the camera cameras with more Hasselblad material, the astronauts took their navigators and scables with them, Nikon 35-flag cameras, and they were allowed to keep their reflex cameras, which pleased them, but still needed to make adjustments to the electrical contacts. In the camera to prevent the risk of sparks emitting film quality and exposure used lamps -
Photographic - for the first time on the back. scables. But after they were well isolated to prevent exposure to sparks or electric sparks, these lamps gave impressive results compared to the snapshots that were previously taken with the effects available internally in terms of the quality of the film. One type of them was used in the first flights, but in the Apollo missions, the astronauts took with them different types of films Although the materials had code numbers, they remained very similar to the traditional numbers available at the time, such as Ektachrome X or Ektachrome 64 and Aza 160 (AS8), respectively. Of the negatives, as well, because the color cannot be affected during printing in the laboratory, as for calculating the required exposure and adapting to this large number of films and under very different conditions, this matter left the effective role of the experience and skill of the pioneer - the photographer, especially since Hasselblad does not have an optical expression counter. Circumstances will often deceive any device for counting, because the highly radioactive spaceship is spinning in the middle of a background of deep space, and this is what sends The most difficult exposure problems that can come to mind, but even so, the astronauts achieved success at a later stage