لايقاف حركة الصورة .. عشر سنوات و 40 ألف دولار ، مجلة فن التصوير اللبنانية _ ع٧

For stopping the movement of the picture ten years and 40 thousand dollars

In the last issue, we discussed the development of the camera and its multiple industries, down to small sizes in addition to its production, as well as increasing the sensitivity due to
Film and devising ways to facilitate the use of the camera and its spread in the hands of the general public to the emergence of the Polaroid instant camera). In this episode we go back a bit Let's go back and talk in detail about some of the obstacles that hindered the process of photography, and scientists stopped at them for a long time in order to find practical solutions for them. These solutions are a metaphor for the process of fixing movement in the image.

Edward James Maybridge - d »ward J Muybridge, the first discoverer of the instant image, of English origin, worked for a long time in the United States of America with Carnton Watson in San Francisco before becoming his partner in the year 1867. Maybridge made a long trip to Yosemite Valley in the United States of America and took wonderful pictures of the scenic views of the region, and returned to make a huge fortune from these pictures, as he He sold each copy of it to his customers for one dollar, provided that the number of photos was not less than twenty. The press spoke at length about this achievement, the magnificence of the photos taken, and the technique that was used for the first time, as Maybridge combined two negatives on one positive. He photographed a landscape on one negative, then he photographed the clouds on Another negative, placing the two negatives on top of each other and printing them, as the result was pure And wonderful. This idea was the first of its kind in that history in terms of the delicate artistic mood and the beautiful serenity within the image. Maybridge was greatly appreciated among the US government, as he was appointed director of the photography department in the government due to his ingenuity and depth of thinking. Maybridge did not stop there, he was active and worked more More to excel in this field, he was requested by California Governor Leland Stanford

To film his horse during the gallop to prove his theory to one of his colleagues that the horse raises its four legs off the ground while running. This operation cost Maybridge ten years of continuous work and forty thousand dollars, which Stanford paid in full in the year 1868. Maybridge began his experiments to implement this idea, and the solution was not easy, especially The speed of the horse exceeds twice the speed of photography in that era, and he had to use the manual shutter, i. White for the photo, so he covered the race venue and its background with white sheets so that he could speed up the coverage of the lens to match the speed of the horse's gallop, (it is known in the concept of photography that the white color takes a long time to reflect on the race). The results were reasonable, but did not satisfy the US government photographer. And it was fame

Maybridge at that time had swept the whole of Europe, so he waged a battle until he reached the manufacture of twelve cameras, each of them equipped with a mechanical shutter so that each lens opens and closes after the second opens, and the length of these devices attached to each other reached about twelve meters. The race that was held in New Jersey in the year 1878 was successfully photographed, that is, after exactly ten years of work and continuous effort to establish this idea.

With this successful experience of multiplicity and gradation of images, a new idea emerged in the world of photography, the inventor Edison was the first to usher in it, which is cinematography. And the magazines in which the image was entered for the first time after the discovery of the topography, so the first images appeared on the pages of the New York Daily Graphic magazine, followed by the London Daily Mirror in 1904, and fashion magazines spread, as they competed to publish pictures of fashion models and women of high society, such as Queen magazine, which was concerned with this type of image in the year 1919 In addition to all this, the image entered new fields as well, such as expressive arts and their participation, along with the arts of expressive painting. And reportage photography, so the Life magazine adopted a special team of veteran photographers to cover various types of photography, and implement the ideas of great artists through the picture. The picture was also adopted to prove victory in horse races after the successful experience of Maybridge. The style is still adopted to this day. The picture was also adopted in recording historical and war events. Like the image of the exploding airship Heidelberg in 1937 by photographer Jack Schneider, there are accidents and disasters that grace the human world.