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Controlling shears - Controlling the production of strips -
Steel mills - Factories .. Computers work

Controlling shears

The strips and finished products are cut by automatic shears controlled by an electronic computer that provides information about the required lengths of each section - the speed of the strip is measured before it is cut, by photoelectric cells, then the computer calculates the speed of the cut metal, based on the speed of the incoming strip and the change in the section by the strip, and its final length. The computer reviews its known classifications of the required lengths and to determine the lengths that must be cut from each, the computer allows the length of the first cut strip to pass to reduce waste as much as possible before sending an electrical signal that operates the shears to cut the length. Then it allows the second required length to pass before operating the shears, and these operations are repeated until the batch is completed.

Controlling the production of strips

Steel strips are essential for a number of industries, such as the automotive industry and the home appliances industry, such as washing machines, refrigerators, and the like. The sheets are darkened from thick sheets or from thick sheets prepared as mentioned by Alpha. The thickness of the sheets that production begins with is about twelve millimeters, then they are darkened cold to thicknesses ranging between a quarter of a millimeter and two millimeters. The sheets are usually darkened in four stages, each dark stage weighing about five tons, driven by an electric motor with a capacity of about five thousand horsepower. The intensity of the tension in the metal between the darkening stages can be adjusted by adjusting the intensity of the pressure between the darkeners of each stage and the speed of rotation of the darkeners. The pressure force between the darkeners of each stage may reach about 1500 tons as a maximum. The intensity of the tension in the metal between the darkening stages is measured by a cylinder carried by an arm pulled by a spring.

The sheet is thinned by compressing it transversely as it passes between the two layers of each stage, so the speed of the metal exiting the layers is greater than the speed of its entry into them. This process is repeated in the following layers, and the motors that operate the layers of each stage are adjusted, in a closed control loop, to give a specific tension intensity in the metal between these two layers and the layers preceding them. The thickness of the strips is measured. After the last oppression stage, by means of an X-ray device, the strips are then wrapped in reels, each weighing about twenty tons. The computer adjusts these operations based on a program that determines the required tension intensity in the metal exiting each layer, according to the type of strips and their required thickness. The computer receives information about the thickness of the produced strips. If this does not match the required thickness, the computer issues the appropriate electrical signals to adjust the reference tension intensity in each of the closed control circuits, which determines the tension intensity in the metal between the two layers of each stage. If the strips are thinner than necessary, for example, the computer reduces the pressure in the two treads of each of the four stages as dictated by the program stored in it. It is obvious that this method of adjustment by computer is much more accurate and faster than the manual method.

Control of shears by computer. The central computer for processing data provides the computer with information related to the required lengths, which calculates the speed of the metal coming out of the treads based on the signals of the photoelectric cells. Then it determines the lengths that must be cut from each required section to reduce waste as much as possible.

Control of strip production by computer: The computer stores all the necessary gauges to give the required thickness and at the appropriate speed for the type of metal. If the produced thickness changes from what is required, the computer immediately corrects the thickness by adjusting the pressure forces between the two treads of each stage.