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الطباعة السلبية الملونة .. الطباعة .. كيفية التقاط وتطوير الصور الملونة
COLOUR NEGATIVE PRINTS
Temperature and agitation are important when processing the paper - much more so than in black - and - white printing . This is one reason why drum processing is highly recommended . The alternative is to use trays , but their size makes it more difficult to maintain good temperature control . The example shown is of Ektacolor processed in Ektaprint chemicals . The recommended temperatures for all the solutions is 32.8 ° C ( 91 ° F ) , with a variation of no more than 0.3 ° C ( 0.5 ° F ) . You can work at lower temperatures , but this will affect the processing time , and it is better to be consistent so that you can repeat the processing sequence with confidence every time .
First prepare the solutions according to the instructions . With drum processing , there is a pre - wet step at the beginning to soften the paper emulsion and warm it up . This helps the developer to penetrate quickly and evenly , but it also means that the developer will have to be more concentrated than it would for tray processing . See the packed instructions .
Place the correct volume of each solution in a container , and place these containers in a deep warm water bath . Because the room temperature will be less than that of the processing solutions , they will cool gradually . Start with the water bath several degrees higher than the 32.8 ° C ( 91 ° F ) needed . When the solutions reach the correct temperature , take the first and pour it into the drum ( already loaded with a sheet of exposed paper ) .
Agitate the drum according to the drum manufacturer's recommendation . A motorized roller , although an extra expense , does this without any attention from the photographer , and is a great help . As with film processing , start the timer when all the solution is in the drum , and start to drain it away at the end so that the drum is emptied as the timer stops . Do not keep any of the used chemicals throw them all away .
ABOVE For convenience , and to avoid performing all steps in darkness , a print tube can be used for colour papers . This makes economical use of the more expensive colour chemicals , and is designed to be rotated through a bath of water thermostatically controlled at a constant temperature .
Print Processing
1 Fill the print - loaded tube with warm water to bring the contents to the recommended temperature .
2 Discard the water and add pre - warmed developer , starting the timer .
3 Roll the tube by hand or on a motorized cradle to ensure even development .
4 Towards the end of the recommended time , discard so that the tube empties as the timer comes to a stop .
5 Add the bleach / fix , roll the tube as in 3 . discard and refill with warm water .
6 Open the tube , pull the paper carefully out by its edge , and wash as recommended . Clean the tube .
7 When the wash is complete , gently sponge excess water off the print .
8 Hang the print to dry in a room that is free from dust . Drying can be accelerated with a hairdryer .
For the washing steps , either refill the drum each time , or remove the print and place it in an open tray , replacing the water every 30 seconds . In either case , continue to agitate . To dry , place the print on a smooth surface , image- side up , and remove all drops of water with a wide squeegee . Then , hang it from a clothes line by a clip attached to one corner , or place it on a clean towel , image - side up . A hair dryer will speed up the drying process .
BELOW AND BELOW LEFT More so than with black- and white printing , temperature and agitation are important when processing colour paper . Your target when making a print depends upon personal taste accuracy may be sacrificed for the sake of richer , deeper colours . Large format cameras which give 4x5in negatives will always produce a finer print , which is why professional photographers tend to use them whenever possible . As always for the amateur , there must be a trade - off between the relative improvement in quality and the greater expense of equipment .
COLOUR NEGATIVE PRINTS
Temperature and agitation are important when processing the paper - much more so than in black - and - white printing . This is one reason why drum processing is highly recommended . The alternative is to use trays , but their size makes it more difficult to maintain good temperature control . The example shown is of Ektacolor processed in Ektaprint chemicals . The recommended temperatures for all the solutions is 32.8 ° C ( 91 ° F ) , with a variation of no more than 0.3 ° C ( 0.5 ° F ) . You can work at lower temperatures , but this will affect the processing time , and it is better to be consistent so that you can repeat the processing sequence with confidence every time .
First prepare the solutions according to the instructions . With drum processing , there is a pre - wet step at the beginning to soften the paper emulsion and warm it up . This helps the developer to penetrate quickly and evenly , but it also means that the developer will have to be more concentrated than it would for tray processing . See the packed instructions .
Place the correct volume of each solution in a container , and place these containers in a deep warm water bath . Because the room temperature will be less than that of the processing solutions , they will cool gradually . Start with the water bath several degrees higher than the 32.8 ° C ( 91 ° F ) needed . When the solutions reach the correct temperature , take the first and pour it into the drum ( already loaded with a sheet of exposed paper ) .
Agitate the drum according to the drum manufacturer's recommendation . A motorized roller , although an extra expense , does this without any attention from the photographer , and is a great help . As with film processing , start the timer when all the solution is in the drum , and start to drain it away at the end so that the drum is emptied as the timer stops . Do not keep any of the used chemicals throw them all away .
ABOVE For convenience , and to avoid performing all steps in darkness , a print tube can be used for colour papers . This makes economical use of the more expensive colour chemicals , and is designed to be rotated through a bath of water thermostatically controlled at a constant temperature .
Print Processing
1 Fill the print - loaded tube with warm water to bring the contents to the recommended temperature .
2 Discard the water and add pre - warmed developer , starting the timer .
3 Roll the tube by hand or on a motorized cradle to ensure even development .
4 Towards the end of the recommended time , discard so that the tube empties as the timer comes to a stop .
5 Add the bleach / fix , roll the tube as in 3 . discard and refill with warm water .
6 Open the tube , pull the paper carefully out by its edge , and wash as recommended . Clean the tube .
7 When the wash is complete , gently sponge excess water off the print .
8 Hang the print to dry in a room that is free from dust . Drying can be accelerated with a hairdryer .
For the washing steps , either refill the drum each time , or remove the print and place it in an open tray , replacing the water every 30 seconds . In either case , continue to agitate . To dry , place the print on a smooth surface , image- side up , and remove all drops of water with a wide squeegee . Then , hang it from a clothes line by a clip attached to one corner , or place it on a clean towel , image - side up . A hair dryer will speed up the drying process .
BELOW AND BELOW LEFT More so than with black- and white printing , temperature and agitation are important when processing colour paper . Your target when making a print depends upon personal taste accuracy may be sacrificed for the sake of richer , deeper colours . Large format cameras which give 4x5in negatives will always produce a finer print , which is why professional photographers tend to use them whenever possible . As always for the amateur , there must be a trade - off between the relative improvement in quality and the greater expense of equipment .
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