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PROCESSING
COLOUR NEGATIVES
Look back to the recommended equipment section . First make sure that the colour negative film you have shot matches the processing kit ; the majority of colour negative films are compatible with Kodak's C - 41 process . The names of processing kits also vary , so check the packed information . The example used here is the Kodak Flexicolor Kit , which contains one pint of each solution except the developer , of which there are two pints . The solutions are in the form of liquid concentrates and powder .
First prepare the solutions according to the instructions . With those chemi- cals that are supplied in two parts , mix each part one at a time , not both together . Once prepared , the solutions should be stored in tightly stoppered bottles . The life of most solutions is about six or eight weeks , so mix them only when you need them .
Load the film , in darkness , onto the spiral reel . Make sure that the reel is the right width for the film you are using or , if it is an adjustable plastic reel , that it is set to the proper width ( twist the two halves and then lock them into position ) . With a stainless steel reel , clip the end of the film onto the core of the reel , then turn the reel in one hand while pressing the sides of the film in gently with the other , so that the film feeds into the grooves from the inside outwards . With a plastic reel , push the film onto the grooves from the outside , so that it slides inwards to the centre . When the film has been loaded , place the reel inside the tank and replace the lid securely .
Next bring the solutions to working temperature . For the developer at least , this must be very accurately maintained , at 37.8 ° C ( 100 ° F ) with no more than a 0.15 ° C ( 0.4 ° F ) variation . The other solutions can be between 24 and 40.5 ° C ( 75 and 105 ° F ) , so it is usually easiest to warm everything to the temperature of the developer . The simplest method is to fill a deep tray with warm water and place the solution containers in this . It will take a short time ( about 10 minutes ) for the solutions to reach the right temperature , so that the bath should start a degree or two warmer than 37.8 ° C . Keep a constant eye on the thermometer , and stir the developer as it warms up .
Each of the processing steps requires a similar procedure : pouring the solu- tion into the tank , starting the timer , agitating the tank , and finally pouring the solution away ( either down the sink or back into its storage bottle , depending on the solution ) . Develop a consistent way of doing all this , so that the results are predictable and repeatable . For instance , start the timer when you have just finished pouring the solution in , and begin draining it away so that the last drop leaves the tank as the timer stops . If in doubt , practise with an empty tank and plain water . It should take about 10 seconds to drain out the liquid . Also , each time you pour a new solution into the tank , make a habit of tapping the whole tank against a hard surface to dislodge any air bubbles that might have become trapped on the film ; this is particularly important with the developer , as it is being poured onto dry film .
Agitation is essential , and it must be done in a certain way to make sure that the film is acted on evenly , especially with the developer . There are two princi- pal ways : inverting the tank or sliding it in a pattern on the worktop . Follow the diagram instructions , and if you invert it ( the normal method ) , be sure to hold the lid and cap tightly to prevent spillage . Do not agitate continuously , but follow the sequence shown in the table .
Processing KODACOLOR II and KODACOLOR 400 Films in the KODAK FLEXICOLOR Process Kit for Process C - 41 1 US Pint / 473ml / 16 fl oz Size
Includes 10 - second drain time in each step .
Preserving chemicals
Clean graduates to prevent contamination
Water at correct temperature
If powdered chemicals , mix thoroughly
If chemicals used previously . make sure they are not
exhausted or contaminated Ensure correct solution strength
Loading film
Secure lid to avoid possibility of light leak
Check for possible light leaks in changing bag or darkroom
If incorrectly loaded , adjacent spirals of film may touch
Take care not to buckle film here
Dry spiral thoroughly after use to avoid staining next roll
When uncoiled in darkroom , film may be scratched . Keep work surface clear .
Processing
Arrange chemicals in correct order
Give correct agitation recommended by film / chemical manufacturer
Avoid air bubbles trapped on film surface by giving tank one sharp tap after pouring in first solution
Set correct time for each solution . See film / chemical instructions .
1 If using a stainless steel reel attach the end of the film to the spike or clip at the core and rotate the reel to thread the film into the grooves . Always hold the film by its edges , and bow it carefully to fit it into the reel .
2 Cut the end of the film off the spool , lower the fully loaded reel into the developer tank and replace the lid . It is now safe to turn on the light .
PROCESSING
COLOUR NEGATIVES
Look back to the recommended equipment section . First make sure that the colour negative film you have shot matches the processing kit ; the majority of colour negative films are compatible with Kodak's C - 41 process . The names of processing kits also vary , so check the packed information . The example used here is the Kodak Flexicolor Kit , which contains one pint of each solution except the developer , of which there are two pints . The solutions are in the form of liquid concentrates and powder .
First prepare the solutions according to the instructions . With those chemi- cals that are supplied in two parts , mix each part one at a time , not both together . Once prepared , the solutions should be stored in tightly stoppered bottles . The life of most solutions is about six or eight weeks , so mix them only when you need them .
Load the film , in darkness , onto the spiral reel . Make sure that the reel is the right width for the film you are using or , if it is an adjustable plastic reel , that it is set to the proper width ( twist the two halves and then lock them into position ) . With a stainless steel reel , clip the end of the film onto the core of the reel , then turn the reel in one hand while pressing the sides of the film in gently with the other , so that the film feeds into the grooves from the inside outwards . With a plastic reel , push the film onto the grooves from the outside , so that it slides inwards to the centre . When the film has been loaded , place the reel inside the tank and replace the lid securely .
Next bring the solutions to working temperature . For the developer at least , this must be very accurately maintained , at 37.8 ° C ( 100 ° F ) with no more than a 0.15 ° C ( 0.4 ° F ) variation . The other solutions can be between 24 and 40.5 ° C ( 75 and 105 ° F ) , so it is usually easiest to warm everything to the temperature of the developer . The simplest method is to fill a deep tray with warm water and place the solution containers in this . It will take a short time ( about 10 minutes ) for the solutions to reach the right temperature , so that the bath should start a degree or two warmer than 37.8 ° C . Keep a constant eye on the thermometer , and stir the developer as it warms up .
Each of the processing steps requires a similar procedure : pouring the solu- tion into the tank , starting the timer , agitating the tank , and finally pouring the solution away ( either down the sink or back into its storage bottle , depending on the solution ) . Develop a consistent way of doing all this , so that the results are predictable and repeatable . For instance , start the timer when you have just finished pouring the solution in , and begin draining it away so that the last drop leaves the tank as the timer stops . If in doubt , practise with an empty tank and plain water . It should take about 10 seconds to drain out the liquid . Also , each time you pour a new solution into the tank , make a habit of tapping the whole tank against a hard surface to dislodge any air bubbles that might have become trapped on the film ; this is particularly important with the developer , as it is being poured onto dry film .
Agitation is essential , and it must be done in a certain way to make sure that the film is acted on evenly , especially with the developer . There are two princi- pal ways : inverting the tank or sliding it in a pattern on the worktop . Follow the diagram instructions , and if you invert it ( the normal method ) , be sure to hold the lid and cap tightly to prevent spillage . Do not agitate continuously , but follow the sequence shown in the table .
Processing KODACOLOR II and KODACOLOR 400 Films in the KODAK FLEXICOLOR Process Kit for Process C - 41 1 US Pint / 473ml / 16 fl oz Size
Includes 10 - second drain time in each step .
Preserving chemicals
Clean graduates to prevent contamination
Water at correct temperature
If powdered chemicals , mix thoroughly
If chemicals used previously . make sure they are not
exhausted or contaminated Ensure correct solution strength
Loading film
Secure lid to avoid possibility of light leak
Check for possible light leaks in changing bag or darkroom
If incorrectly loaded , adjacent spirals of film may touch
Take care not to buckle film here
Dry spiral thoroughly after use to avoid staining next roll
When uncoiled in darkroom , film may be scratched . Keep work surface clear .
Processing
Arrange chemicals in correct order
Give correct agitation recommended by film / chemical manufacturer
Avoid air bubbles trapped on film surface by giving tank one sharp tap after pouring in first solution
Set correct time for each solution . See film / chemical instructions .
1 If using a stainless steel reel attach the end of the film to the spike or clip at the core and rotate the reel to thread the film into the grooves . Always hold the film by its edges , and bow it carefully to fit it into the reel .
2 Cut the end of the film off the spool , lower the fully loaded reel into the developer tank and replace the lid . It is now safe to turn on the light .
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