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الشفافية أم السلبية؟ .. اختيار الفيلم .. كيفية التقاط وتطوير الصور الملونة
TRANSPARENCY OR NEGATIVE ?
Having decided whether prints or slides will be the final form of your photo- graphy , this does not automatically determine the kind of film you should buy . Prints can be made from either negatives or transparencies , and the different processes ensure that the resulting images have different qualities . To contrast just two examples , the visual character of prints from negatives and of Cibachrome prints made directly from transparencies are highly distinctive , and immediately recognizable to any photographer who has some experience of colour printing . Side - by - side , there is little doubt that prints from negatives have a more subtle range of tones , a broader scale of contrast , and they allow the printer more control .
Nevertheless delicate , controlled images do not always serve the needs of photographers , and the snappy colour intensity of Cibachrome , Ektachrome RC , or similar processes may well suit the image much better . Subjects and images with rich colours and dramatic compositions often do very well printed by a positive / positive process from a slide , and images that lack sufficient contrast for your taste will also benefit . If you have slides and prefer to use a negative printing process , one alternative is to have ‘ internegatives ' made . These are copies of a transparency onto a special colour negative emulsion that is designed to keep the contrast low ( copying and duplicating on ordinary film tends to increase contrast ) . Unless you have experience of making inter- negatives , it is best to give these to a laboratory to do .
Finally , it is possible to convert negatives into slides for projection , by copying them onto a special emulsion , such as Kodak Vericolor Slide Film . Again , this is a process that is best left to a professional laboratory , and is used only occasionally .
Transparency to print in one step
From an original Ektachrome transparency ( ABOVE LEFT ) a Cibachrome print ( BELOW LEFT ) was made directly . With a reputation for strong , rich colours , Cibachrome can give faithful , if slightly contrasty , results .
Differences between reversal and negative / positive colour printing
More exposure Less exposure Printing - in Shading or dodging Covered edges
Reversal
final print lighter final print darker area is made lighter area is made darker gives black borders .
Negative / Positive
final print darker final print lighter area is made darker area is made lighter gives white borders .
Prints from slides
Prints made from slides on Cibachrome , Ektachrome RC or other such papers are noted for their richness colour . Even slides that lack contrast and punch can benefit from this treatment . While some colour reversal papers are like negative papers , as their colours are formed during development , others are dye destruction papers ( Cibachrome ) in which already present dyes are destroyed during the processing in proportion to the projected image .
Prints from internegatives
If a negative printing process from slides is preferred , internegatives can be made . Since copying and duplicating on ordinary film has a tendency to increase contrast , a special colour negative emulsion that is designed to keep contrast low should be employed when producing internegatives . Unlike the relatively new process of printing positive to positive , the more traditional technique of printing from colour negatives offers greater fine control over image values ; but when contrast is high , the internegative can lose detail in the print .
TRANSPARENCY OR NEGATIVE ?
Having decided whether prints or slides will be the final form of your photo- graphy , this does not automatically determine the kind of film you should buy . Prints can be made from either negatives or transparencies , and the different processes ensure that the resulting images have different qualities . To contrast just two examples , the visual character of prints from negatives and of Cibachrome prints made directly from transparencies are highly distinctive , and immediately recognizable to any photographer who has some experience of colour printing . Side - by - side , there is little doubt that prints from negatives have a more subtle range of tones , a broader scale of contrast , and they allow the printer more control .
Nevertheless delicate , controlled images do not always serve the needs of photographers , and the snappy colour intensity of Cibachrome , Ektachrome RC , or similar processes may well suit the image much better . Subjects and images with rich colours and dramatic compositions often do very well printed by a positive / positive process from a slide , and images that lack sufficient contrast for your taste will also benefit . If you have slides and prefer to use a negative printing process , one alternative is to have ‘ internegatives ' made . These are copies of a transparency onto a special colour negative emulsion that is designed to keep the contrast low ( copying and duplicating on ordinary film tends to increase contrast ) . Unless you have experience of making inter- negatives , it is best to give these to a laboratory to do .
Finally , it is possible to convert negatives into slides for projection , by copying them onto a special emulsion , such as Kodak Vericolor Slide Film . Again , this is a process that is best left to a professional laboratory , and is used only occasionally .
Transparency to print in one step
From an original Ektachrome transparency ( ABOVE LEFT ) a Cibachrome print ( BELOW LEFT ) was made directly . With a reputation for strong , rich colours , Cibachrome can give faithful , if slightly contrasty , results .
Differences between reversal and negative / positive colour printing
More exposure Less exposure Printing - in Shading or dodging Covered edges
Reversal
final print lighter final print darker area is made lighter area is made darker gives black borders .
Negative / Positive
final print darker final print lighter area is made darker area is made lighter gives white borders .
Prints from slides
Prints made from slides on Cibachrome , Ektachrome RC or other such papers are noted for their richness colour . Even slides that lack contrast and punch can benefit from this treatment . While some colour reversal papers are like negative papers , as their colours are formed during development , others are dye destruction papers ( Cibachrome ) in which already present dyes are destroyed during the processing in proportion to the projected image .
Prints from internegatives
If a negative printing process from slides is preferred , internegatives can be made . Since copying and duplicating on ordinary film has a tendency to increase contrast , a special colour negative emulsion that is designed to keep contrast low should be employed when producing internegatives . Unlike the relatively new process of printing positive to positive , the more traditional technique of printing from colour negatives offers greater fine control over image values ; but when contrast is high , the internegative can lose detail in the print .
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