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الحبيبات - ٢ - اختيار الفيلم .. كيفية التقاط وتطوير الصور بالأبيض والأسود
GRAININESS
From a purist approach to photography , graininess should be avoided ; it over- lays the image , and on a small scale breaks up detail . If the ideal is a perfectly resolved , smoothly toned image , grain is an intruder .
For the most part , this holds true . Most of the techniques and skills in photo- graphy are , after all , to do with making the best possible likeness of a scene or subject . Nevertheless , this is no rule , and there are occasions when you might feel that the texture of grain enhances the photograph . There is room in photography for all kinds of imagery beyond the traditional and conventional .
First , however , look at how and where graininess has its effect . If you think of it as a kind of speckled screen that is combined with the negative image , it becomes obvious that graininess will be more prominent in a featureless area of the film . Wherever there is a lot of fine detail , and particularly if this is crisp and contrasty , any graininess gets obscured . On a blank part of the image however , there is only graininess - at least , as long as the tone is grey . In a completely transparent part of the negative ( this will print black ) there are no developed grains , while in a dense area ( a highlight on the print ) the grains are so heavily clumped together that there is virtually no texture .
Graininess can have a positive effect , paradoxically , on sharpness , The reason for this is that sharpness is another subjective quality - an impression built up from things like resolution and acutance . While in one sense large grain clumps break up edge detail and work against the impression of being sharp , the specks of grain themselves appear crisp , and if they are in a distinct and even pattern , they can help the overall sharpness . This is one reason why many black - and - white photographers who are accustomed to working with fast film ( photojournalists , for instance ) have distinct preferences in the make of film they use there are subtle differences in the grain texture between brands .
Depending on the photographer and on the occasion , the gritty appearance of a grainy print may even be attractive . In the same way that fog , mist , back- lighting and certain filters help to create atmosphere in a photograph rather than sharp realism , so a strong grain texture can give an impressionistic effect .
ABOVE For most still - life studio shots , graininess would simply be an intrusion , so slower film is the obvious choice .
RIGHT The extremely noticeable grain that is a feature of very fast emulsions can be used to create almost abstract images . In this instance , the camera has been panned moved to follow the subject - during the exposure , enhancing the effect .
LEFT Although on first impressions a grainy fast film would be the last choice for a portrait picture , the resulting slight softening can be quite complimentary - almost like using a weak diffusing filter . Also , the grainy look can add atmosphere to a candid portrait , such as the one shown here .
GRAININESS
From a purist approach to photography , graininess should be avoided ; it over- lays the image , and on a small scale breaks up detail . If the ideal is a perfectly resolved , smoothly toned image , grain is an intruder .
For the most part , this holds true . Most of the techniques and skills in photo- graphy are , after all , to do with making the best possible likeness of a scene or subject . Nevertheless , this is no rule , and there are occasions when you might feel that the texture of grain enhances the photograph . There is room in photography for all kinds of imagery beyond the traditional and conventional .
First , however , look at how and where graininess has its effect . If you think of it as a kind of speckled screen that is combined with the negative image , it becomes obvious that graininess will be more prominent in a featureless area of the film . Wherever there is a lot of fine detail , and particularly if this is crisp and contrasty , any graininess gets obscured . On a blank part of the image however , there is only graininess - at least , as long as the tone is grey . In a completely transparent part of the negative ( this will print black ) there are no developed grains , while in a dense area ( a highlight on the print ) the grains are so heavily clumped together that there is virtually no texture .
Graininess can have a positive effect , paradoxically , on sharpness , The reason for this is that sharpness is another subjective quality - an impression built up from things like resolution and acutance . While in one sense large grain clumps break up edge detail and work against the impression of being sharp , the specks of grain themselves appear crisp , and if they are in a distinct and even pattern , they can help the overall sharpness . This is one reason why many black - and - white photographers who are accustomed to working with fast film ( photojournalists , for instance ) have distinct preferences in the make of film they use there are subtle differences in the grain texture between brands .
Depending on the photographer and on the occasion , the gritty appearance of a grainy print may even be attractive . In the same way that fog , mist , back- lighting and certain filters help to create atmosphere in a photograph rather than sharp realism , so a strong grain texture can give an impressionistic effect .
ABOVE For most still - life studio shots , graininess would simply be an intrusion , so slower film is the obvious choice .
RIGHT The extremely noticeable grain that is a feature of very fast emulsions can be used to create almost abstract images . In this instance , the camera has been panned moved to follow the subject - during the exposure , enhancing the effect .
LEFT Although on first impressions a grainy fast film would be the last choice for a portrait picture , the resulting slight softening can be quite complimentary - almost like using a weak diffusing filter . Also , the grainy look can add atmosphere to a candid portrait , such as the one shown here .
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