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الملحقات والدعامات .. البدء .. كيفية التقاط وتطوير الصور بالأبيض والأسود
ACCESSORIES & SUPPORTS
Once you have a basic set of camera and lenses , there is a wealth of other equip- ment to choose from . So much , in fact , that if you were to buy every accessory that seemed useful , you would be so awash in equipment that the actual photo- graphy would take second place . This is the principal difficulty with acces- sories : selecting what is actually necessary and avoiding unimportant gimmicks .
over - there is a low limit to the range of equipment that one photographer can carry and handle at any one time . Here , we ignore most gadgets , however interesting and appealing , in favour of the basic items . Filters , tripods and camera bags may not seem as glamorous or fun as a digitalised data back or remote - control trigger , but they are considerably more useful .
FILTERS
Contrary to the publicity given to special - effects filters such as multiple - image prisms , the useful filters are those that allow you to alter the tones in a normal image . Black - and - white photography is , after all , a matter of tonal values , and anything that enables you to manipulate these is extremely valuable . Filters actually play a more fundamental role in black - and - white photography than in colour , as the effects they have are subtle . The basic film set includes primary and other strong colours , and makes is possible to alter selected tones ( a tomato for instance , could be recorded at any tone from near - white to black ) . All this is dealt with in full detail later in this book . Other useful filters are ultra - violet , for cutting haze ; and polarizing , for reducing reflections from non - metallic surfaces and darkening blue skies . All the other filters normally available light balancing and colour correction sets , are irrelevant in black- and - white photography .
SUPPORTS
While hand - held photography is the norm , there are times when the camera needs to be fixed in position . Low light levels , such as at night and in interiors , call for slow shutter speeds , unless you are using high - speed film . Small tures to give greater depth of field must also be balanced by longer exposure times . A tripod is the most universal camera support , and repays the effort of carrying it by extending the range of lighting conditions under which you can shoot . Even when there is sufficient light for holding the camera by hand , a tripod helps when it is important to compose a shot precisely , as in architec- tural photography , for example . It is best to use a cable release with all long exposure times .
BAGS
With a few lenses , spare rolls of film , and some accessories , a shoulder bag is the final piece of equipment . If it has padded compartments , this will protect individual items from damage ( and will also obviate any need for an individual camera case ) . It is usually a good idea to avoid camera bags that are obviously just that ; this only invites attention , both from potential subjects in candid photography and from anyone interested in the value of the equipment .
Tripod Heads
Tripod heads should offer the greatest freedom of movement . The basic choice is between the highly flexible ball - and - socket head , and those with separately - controlled movements .
MONOBALL This Arca - Swiss head is the most secure ball - and - socket design available , capable of holding the heaviest 35mm configuration in any position .
PAN - AND - TILT HEAD Separate movements on this Gitzo Rationelle head allow individual adjustments with greater accuracy .
BALL - AND - SOCKET HEAD Lighter and more common than the monoball , this head is secure enough for most combinations of camera and lens .
LEFT A basic tripod , this French Gitzo is sturdy yet relatively light . The telescopic sectioned legs lock with friction collars , as does the adjustable centre column .
ABOVE An incredible variety of feet can be found on today's tripods , all designed to steady the support on differing terrains , from grass to concrete .
ABOVE AND LEFT Miniature tripods are almost as good as a standard tripod provided a fairly flat surface is available , and are less troublesome to carry .
ABOVE The horizontal arm , a separate section attached to the centre column , can be useful when pointing the camera vertically downwards , as in copying .
Camera Bags
LEFT Moulded aluminium camera cases , such as this American Haliburton , are most secure in providing protection for equipment , and are gasket - sealed for protection against grit and water .
RIGHT Shoulder bags are available in many styles . Separate pockets help prevent equipment from scraping together , while some bags have rigid compartments .
ACCESSORIES & SUPPORTS
Once you have a basic set of camera and lenses , there is a wealth of other equip- ment to choose from . So much , in fact , that if you were to buy every accessory that seemed useful , you would be so awash in equipment that the actual photo- graphy would take second place . This is the principal difficulty with acces- sories : selecting what is actually necessary and avoiding unimportant gimmicks .
over - there is a low limit to the range of equipment that one photographer can carry and handle at any one time . Here , we ignore most gadgets , however interesting and appealing , in favour of the basic items . Filters , tripods and camera bags may not seem as glamorous or fun as a digitalised data back or remote - control trigger , but they are considerably more useful .
FILTERS
Contrary to the publicity given to special - effects filters such as multiple - image prisms , the useful filters are those that allow you to alter the tones in a normal image . Black - and - white photography is , after all , a matter of tonal values , and anything that enables you to manipulate these is extremely valuable . Filters actually play a more fundamental role in black - and - white photography than in colour , as the effects they have are subtle . The basic film set includes primary and other strong colours , and makes is possible to alter selected tones ( a tomato for instance , could be recorded at any tone from near - white to black ) . All this is dealt with in full detail later in this book . Other useful filters are ultra - violet , for cutting haze ; and polarizing , for reducing reflections from non - metallic surfaces and darkening blue skies . All the other filters normally available light balancing and colour correction sets , are irrelevant in black- and - white photography .
SUPPORTS
While hand - held photography is the norm , there are times when the camera needs to be fixed in position . Low light levels , such as at night and in interiors , call for slow shutter speeds , unless you are using high - speed film . Small tures to give greater depth of field must also be balanced by longer exposure times . A tripod is the most universal camera support , and repays the effort of carrying it by extending the range of lighting conditions under which you can shoot . Even when there is sufficient light for holding the camera by hand , a tripod helps when it is important to compose a shot precisely , as in architec- tural photography , for example . It is best to use a cable release with all long exposure times .
BAGS
With a few lenses , spare rolls of film , and some accessories , a shoulder bag is the final piece of equipment . If it has padded compartments , this will protect individual items from damage ( and will also obviate any need for an individual camera case ) . It is usually a good idea to avoid camera bags that are obviously just that ; this only invites attention , both from potential subjects in candid photography and from anyone interested in the value of the equipment .
Tripod Heads
Tripod heads should offer the greatest freedom of movement . The basic choice is between the highly flexible ball - and - socket head , and those with separately - controlled movements .
MONOBALL This Arca - Swiss head is the most secure ball - and - socket design available , capable of holding the heaviest 35mm configuration in any position .
PAN - AND - TILT HEAD Separate movements on this Gitzo Rationelle head allow individual adjustments with greater accuracy .
BALL - AND - SOCKET HEAD Lighter and more common than the monoball , this head is secure enough for most combinations of camera and lens .
LEFT A basic tripod , this French Gitzo is sturdy yet relatively light . The telescopic sectioned legs lock with friction collars , as does the adjustable centre column .
ABOVE An incredible variety of feet can be found on today's tripods , all designed to steady the support on differing terrains , from grass to concrete .
ABOVE AND LEFT Miniature tripods are almost as good as a standard tripod provided a fairly flat surface is available , and are less troublesome to carry .
ABOVE The horizontal arm , a separate section attached to the centre column , can be useful when pointing the camera vertically downwards , as in copying .
Camera Bags
LEFT Moulded aluminium camera cases , such as this American Haliburton , are most secure in providing protection for equipment , and are gasket - sealed for protection against grit and water .
RIGHT Shoulder bags are available in many styles . Separate pockets help prevent equipment from scraping together , while some bags have rigid compartments .
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