تويت
البدء .. كيفية التقاط وتطوير الصور بالأبيض والأسود
GETTING STARTED
Basically , there is no important difference between cameras that can be used with colour film and those that can be used with black - and - white . Although manufacturers have made some improvements with a specific eye on colour photography colour - matched and colour - corrected lenses , for instance , and exposure metering systems accurate enough for the finer tolerances of colour film all of these benefit the black - and - white photographer as well . There are no special decisions or choices that you will need to make .
Nevertheless , there remains the question of how far the camera equipment will let you develop ideas and techniques . Camera technology is so advanced nowadays that all current models will make perfectly good images - within certain limitations . The simplest snapshot camera , with a basic lens and using small - framed cartridge film , can produce excellent snapshots - but very little else . Cheap cameras and a small format produce images that are acceptable only when printed small . Also , a camera with one fixed lens allows you a single type of perspective and makes certain kinds of picture out of the question . Wildlife photography , for instance , and most sports , need a telephoto lens to give a magnified view from a distance ; including a full view of a room interior calls for a wide - angle lens with a short focal length . If you have only a fixed standard lens , it will limit the range of images you can expect to make .
The sophistication of equipment covers a considerable range and , even if expense is not an issue , the choices need careful thought . The most complex , professional cameras are not always the best if you do not need the extra facilities and electronics for your kind of photography , these may simply be a hindrance . As a general rule , first decide on your fields of interest in photo- graphy , and then look for the equipment that has just enough features for you to get on with it .
Clearly , anyone sufficiently interested in photography to want to learn the entire black - and - white process , from shooting to developing and printing , should also have an adequate standard of camera equipment . The smallest film size that makes any sense is 35mm , and the realistic minimum in equipment is a camera with interchangeable lenses . Most of those available are single lens reflexes , and from now on , the tacit assumption in this book is that you own the equivalent of a 35mm single lens reflex with at least three lenses of different focal length . Over the next few pages , we will look at the essential equipment in more detail .
FAR LEFT No matter whether you are a beginner or a working professional , by far the most convenient format of film to use is 35mm . A 35mm image can take considerable enlargement before any noticeable loss in image quality .
ABOVE LEFT The standard 50mm lens provides your film with a view of the world that approximates to how the human eye sees it . And despite the growing popularity of zooms , most new SLRs still come fitted with a 50mm .
LEFT If wildlife photography takes your fancy , then you will need telephoto lenses . These provide varying degrees of magnification , enabling you to fill the frame with the subject while still keeping out of harm's way .
GETTING STARTED
Basically , there is no important difference between cameras that can be used with colour film and those that can be used with black - and - white . Although manufacturers have made some improvements with a specific eye on colour photography colour - matched and colour - corrected lenses , for instance , and exposure metering systems accurate enough for the finer tolerances of colour film all of these benefit the black - and - white photographer as well . There are no special decisions or choices that you will need to make .
Nevertheless , there remains the question of how far the camera equipment will let you develop ideas and techniques . Camera technology is so advanced nowadays that all current models will make perfectly good images - within certain limitations . The simplest snapshot camera , with a basic lens and using small - framed cartridge film , can produce excellent snapshots - but very little else . Cheap cameras and a small format produce images that are acceptable only when printed small . Also , a camera with one fixed lens allows you a single type of perspective and makes certain kinds of picture out of the question . Wildlife photography , for instance , and most sports , need a telephoto lens to give a magnified view from a distance ; including a full view of a room interior calls for a wide - angle lens with a short focal length . If you have only a fixed standard lens , it will limit the range of images you can expect to make .
The sophistication of equipment covers a considerable range and , even if expense is not an issue , the choices need careful thought . The most complex , professional cameras are not always the best if you do not need the extra facilities and electronics for your kind of photography , these may simply be a hindrance . As a general rule , first decide on your fields of interest in photo- graphy , and then look for the equipment that has just enough features for you to get on with it .
Clearly , anyone sufficiently interested in photography to want to learn the entire black - and - white process , from shooting to developing and printing , should also have an adequate standard of camera equipment . The smallest film size that makes any sense is 35mm , and the realistic minimum in equipment is a camera with interchangeable lenses . Most of those available are single lens reflexes , and from now on , the tacit assumption in this book is that you own the equivalent of a 35mm single lens reflex with at least three lenses of different focal length . Over the next few pages , we will look at the essential equipment in more detail .
FAR LEFT No matter whether you are a beginner or a working professional , by far the most convenient format of film to use is 35mm . A 35mm image can take considerable enlargement before any noticeable loss in image quality .
ABOVE LEFT The standard 50mm lens provides your film with a view of the world that approximates to how the human eye sees it . And despite the growing popularity of zooms , most new SLRs still come fitted with a 50mm .
LEFT If wildlife photography takes your fancy , then you will need telephoto lenses . These provide varying degrees of magnification , enabling you to fill the frame with the subject while still keeping out of harm's way .
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