تويت
الخطوة 3: الطباعة الملونة / المعدات .. معالجة الألوان والطباعة .. المرشد خطوة بخطوة للتصوير الفوتوغرافي
STEP 3 : COLOR PRINTING / Equipment
You can use the same enlarger for color and black and white printing . There are two main types of enlarger , which differ in the way they filter the exposure . One has a built- in color filter head on which you can " dial in " the filtration . This type , shown right , is the easiest to use . The less expensive kind , shown at the bottom of this page , has a filter drawer beneath the lamphouse and uses a set of acetate or gelatin filters . You may find a voltage stabilizer and an electronic color analyzer helpful to regulate and assess the exposure .
Choose a color paper from the same manu- facturer as the negatives you are printing , and use the kit of processing chemicals for this brand of paper .
The basic equipment for processing the print is shown below right . The cheapest method is to use trays , but this makes it difficult to maintain temperatures , and re- quires large quantities of chemicals . Trays are awkward , so you may contaminate the solutions . A developing drum , preferably the type shown , which rotates in its own water bath , is easier to use and more efficient .
Printing equipment and materials
Electronic color analyzer
A color analyzer , below , gives the exposure time and filter settings required for each negative . Before use , you must calibrate it for a typical negative printed on your enlarger and paper . You can then measure any negative in the en- larger , reading either a selected neutral tone or the overall image , " scrambled " by a diffuser over the enlarger lens .
Color mixing head
Although more expensive than the filter - drawer type , an enlarger with a dial - in filter head is the easiest to use . You can make color adjustments without handling a set of filters . The dials move three internal graded color filters into the light from the enlarging lamp . The degree of filtration shown corresponds to CP filter numbers .
Voltage stabilizer
A voltage stabilizer , below , pre- vents changes in the enlarging light color and intensity , which would affect the print .
Color paper
Most color printing papers are made in only one contrast grade and , usually , three different sur- face finishes . All color papers are resin - coated ( RC ) which means that the print must always be air - dried .
A label on each packet gives the batch numbers and filter recom- mendations . These are explained on page 169. Color paper can be handled under a deep amber safe- light , but most people work in total darkness .
Filter drawer and filter set
If your enlarger has a filter drawer , left , you require a set of twenty - one color printing ( CP ) filters to control the image color . There are usually seven of each in yellow , magenta , and cyan . An ultra - violet filter must be used with the pack , and an infra- red heat filter fitted between the lamphouse and drawer before use .
Print processing equipment
Funnel
Chemicals
Developing drum
Dispensers
Water bath
Rubber gloves
High temperature thermometer
A developing drum is quick to use , gives even temperature control and agitation , and minimizes the risk of mixing chemicals . The most useful type , above , rotates in its own water bath , which also con- trols the temperature of the three chemicals . A few drums are de- signed to float in a bowl of warm water during processing . Agitation can be hand - operated or motor driven . All types of drum allow you to work in normal lighting once they are loaded with prints .
Rubber gloves should be worn to protect your hands from the chemicals . You must have a good thermometer , accurate between 50 ° -122 ° F ( 10 ° -50 ° C ) . A resin- coated paper wash tray , such as a sprinkler tray ( see p . 77 ) is useful for the final stages .
STEP 3 : COLOR PRINTING / Equipment
You can use the same enlarger for color and black and white printing . There are two main types of enlarger , which differ in the way they filter the exposure . One has a built- in color filter head on which you can " dial in " the filtration . This type , shown right , is the easiest to use . The less expensive kind , shown at the bottom of this page , has a filter drawer beneath the lamphouse and uses a set of acetate or gelatin filters . You may find a voltage stabilizer and an electronic color analyzer helpful to regulate and assess the exposure .
Choose a color paper from the same manu- facturer as the negatives you are printing , and use the kit of processing chemicals for this brand of paper .
The basic equipment for processing the print is shown below right . The cheapest method is to use trays , but this makes it difficult to maintain temperatures , and re- quires large quantities of chemicals . Trays are awkward , so you may contaminate the solutions . A developing drum , preferably the type shown , which rotates in its own water bath , is easier to use and more efficient .
Printing equipment and materials
Electronic color analyzer
A color analyzer , below , gives the exposure time and filter settings required for each negative . Before use , you must calibrate it for a typical negative printed on your enlarger and paper . You can then measure any negative in the en- larger , reading either a selected neutral tone or the overall image , " scrambled " by a diffuser over the enlarger lens .
Color mixing head
Although more expensive than the filter - drawer type , an enlarger with a dial - in filter head is the easiest to use . You can make color adjustments without handling a set of filters . The dials move three internal graded color filters into the light from the enlarging lamp . The degree of filtration shown corresponds to CP filter numbers .
Voltage stabilizer
A voltage stabilizer , below , pre- vents changes in the enlarging light color and intensity , which would affect the print .
Color paper
Most color printing papers are made in only one contrast grade and , usually , three different sur- face finishes . All color papers are resin - coated ( RC ) which means that the print must always be air - dried .
A label on each packet gives the batch numbers and filter recom- mendations . These are explained on page 169. Color paper can be handled under a deep amber safe- light , but most people work in total darkness .
Filter drawer and filter set
If your enlarger has a filter drawer , left , you require a set of twenty - one color printing ( CP ) filters to control the image color . There are usually seven of each in yellow , magenta , and cyan . An ultra - violet filter must be used with the pack , and an infra- red heat filter fitted between the lamphouse and drawer before use .
Print processing equipment
Funnel
Chemicals
Developing drum
Dispensers
Water bath
Rubber gloves
High temperature thermometer
A developing drum is quick to use , gives even temperature control and agitation , and minimizes the risk of mixing chemicals . The most useful type , above , rotates in its own water bath , which also con- trols the temperature of the three chemicals . A few drums are de- signed to float in a bowl of warm water during processing . Agitation can be hand - operated or motor driven . All types of drum allow you to work in normal lighting once they are loaded with prints .
Rubber gloves should be worn to protect your hands from the chemicals . You must have a good thermometer , accurate between 50 ° -122 ° F ( 10 ° -50 ° C ) . A resin- coated paper wash tray , such as a sprinkler tray ( see p . 77 ) is useful for the final stages .
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