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Color harmony
Closely related colors produce a sense of harmony , especially when linked by muted tone . You can create color harmony by limi- ting the color range of a composition either to several colors near to each other on the color circle ( particularly if no more than one is fully saturated ) , or to one color only in a wide variety of tones . This does not mean that you must always use predominantly warm or cold colors . You can use both halves of the color circle harmoniously in a picture , if they are blended into a predomi- nant tonal or color effect . But when warm and cold colors are used in equal ratio in a composition they tend to work against , and neutralize each other .
The dominant color range you choose for a harmonious picture depends on the subject and its associations , and the mood and atmosphere you wish to evoke . Here the effects of using warm and cold colors are important . Lighting , weather conditions , exposure , and filters can be used to strengthen the color harmony in your pictures .
Color and tone
You can most simply achieve harmony in a composition by using tone variations of one color only . As in black and white photography , variations in tone are mostly achieved by the direction and quality of the light , and have the effect of conveying form and depth in a subject .
Warm harmony
Color harmonies abound in nature Even in a simple subject such as the leaves , left , all sorts of subt- leties of color and tone can be found . The irregular shapes of the leaves in this picture are blended and unified by the harmonious , warm colors . The photograph was taken on daylight color film in diffuse light which brought out the subtle colors without forming any harsh shadows .
Cold harmony
The seascape , left , was taken in evening light on tungsten light film to create a bleak , cold atmos- phere . The tungsten film suppres- sed any warm colors and gave the whole scene a cold , blue cast .
Using a filter to increase harmony
The picture below was taken using a 30 magenta filter on daylight color film . By careful selection of the intensity of the filter , the pink light cast by the early morning sun was enhanced without losing the realism of the colors .
Harmony using one color
Harmony in the landscape , below , is created by the use of one main color green . The wide range of subtly differing tones is made more apparent by the hard sidelighting . giving the picture a feeling of depth and separating the shapes and forms . The exposure was averaged from the highlights and shadows . This preserved detail throughout the subject and avoided creating areas of dense shadow .
Harmony through underexposure
The picture , right , was restricted to a wide range of harmonious tones of one color by underexpo- sure . Foreground objects have been reduced to dark shadows . These offset the delicate pattern created by the low sunlight reflecting off the sea . The exposure was read off the highlights on the sea , in order to underexpose the scene .
Harmony through diffusion
Ultra - violet light , present at high altitudes , reduces the intensity of the colors in a subject . This is most visible in distant landscapes . In the picture below ultra - violet and blue light scattered by the midday haze have changed the normal colors in the scene to one dominant color . The haze scatters the light so that objects in the distance appear paler in tone than foreground objects - creating a strong aerial perspective . This effect has been emphasized by using a long focus lens to make the distant part of the scene appear closer to the foreground .
Assignment : exploring color
Decide on a color film - tungsten or day- light and using the appropriate filters for the lighting conditions take the following pictures :
A. With slide film , three pictures each of the same subject . Bracket the exposures so that the first is twice , and the second is half the exposure judged correct . Repeat the series with negative film and compare the colors in each series .
B. Four portraits of someone you know , without using correcting filters in : correct lighting for the film , candlelight , fluores- cent light , and mixed lighting .
C. Of two subjects , one with warm , the other with cold colors dominant . If neces- sary use color filters to amplify the effect , but be careful to preserve the realism of the original colors .
D. A close - up of a subject with strongly contrasting colors that are more or less equal in tone . Then , after moving away or changing your viewpoint to include an area of neutral color , such as a cloudy sky , take a second picture . Compare the color contrast in the two pictures .
E. In diffuse lighting and in direct sun- light , of a subject that has one main color in a wide range of tones . Compare color harmony in the two pictures .
Color harmony
Closely related colors produce a sense of harmony , especially when linked by muted tone . You can create color harmony by limi- ting the color range of a composition either to several colors near to each other on the color circle ( particularly if no more than one is fully saturated ) , or to one color only in a wide variety of tones . This does not mean that you must always use predominantly warm or cold colors . You can use both halves of the color circle harmoniously in a picture , if they are blended into a predomi- nant tonal or color effect . But when warm and cold colors are used in equal ratio in a composition they tend to work against , and neutralize each other .
The dominant color range you choose for a harmonious picture depends on the subject and its associations , and the mood and atmosphere you wish to evoke . Here the effects of using warm and cold colors are important . Lighting , weather conditions , exposure , and filters can be used to strengthen the color harmony in your pictures .
Color and tone
You can most simply achieve harmony in a composition by using tone variations of one color only . As in black and white photography , variations in tone are mostly achieved by the direction and quality of the light , and have the effect of conveying form and depth in a subject .
Warm harmony
Color harmonies abound in nature Even in a simple subject such as the leaves , left , all sorts of subt- leties of color and tone can be found . The irregular shapes of the leaves in this picture are blended and unified by the harmonious , warm colors . The photograph was taken on daylight color film in diffuse light which brought out the subtle colors without forming any harsh shadows .
Cold harmony
The seascape , left , was taken in evening light on tungsten light film to create a bleak , cold atmos- phere . The tungsten film suppres- sed any warm colors and gave the whole scene a cold , blue cast .
Using a filter to increase harmony
The picture below was taken using a 30 magenta filter on daylight color film . By careful selection of the intensity of the filter , the pink light cast by the early morning sun was enhanced without losing the realism of the colors .
Harmony using one color
Harmony in the landscape , below , is created by the use of one main color green . The wide range of subtly differing tones is made more apparent by the hard sidelighting . giving the picture a feeling of depth and separating the shapes and forms . The exposure was averaged from the highlights and shadows . This preserved detail throughout the subject and avoided creating areas of dense shadow .
Harmony through underexposure
The picture , right , was restricted to a wide range of harmonious tones of one color by underexpo- sure . Foreground objects have been reduced to dark shadows . These offset the delicate pattern created by the low sunlight reflecting off the sea . The exposure was read off the highlights on the sea , in order to underexpose the scene .
Harmony through diffusion
Ultra - violet light , present at high altitudes , reduces the intensity of the colors in a subject . This is most visible in distant landscapes . In the picture below ultra - violet and blue light scattered by the midday haze have changed the normal colors in the scene to one dominant color . The haze scatters the light so that objects in the distance appear paler in tone than foreground objects - creating a strong aerial perspective . This effect has been emphasized by using a long focus lens to make the distant part of the scene appear closer to the foreground .
Assignment : exploring color
Decide on a color film - tungsten or day- light and using the appropriate filters for the lighting conditions take the following pictures :
A. With slide film , three pictures each of the same subject . Bracket the exposures so that the first is twice , and the second is half the exposure judged correct . Repeat the series with negative film and compare the colors in each series .
B. Four portraits of someone you know , without using correcting filters in : correct lighting for the film , candlelight , fluores- cent light , and mixed lighting .
C. Of two subjects , one with warm , the other with cold colors dominant . If neces- sary use color filters to amplify the effect , but be careful to preserve the realism of the original colors .
D. A close - up of a subject with strongly contrasting colors that are more or less equal in tone . Then , after moving away or changing your viewpoint to include an area of neutral color , such as a cloudy sky , take a second picture . Compare the color contrast in the two pictures .
E. In diffuse lighting and in direct sun- light , of a subject that has one main color in a wide range of tones . Compare color harmony in the two pictures .
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