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استخدام الفيلم الخطي والملمس .. تقنيات الغرف المظلمة المتقدمة .. المرشد خطوة بخطوة للتصوير الفوتوغرافي
Using line film and texturing
Normal photographic films and papers give continuous tone images - they form a range of grays between
black and white , as shown right . But you can convert existing pictures by using line film to create a stark line image in black and white only , as shown below right . There are two ways of doing this by copying or by contact printing .
You can add texture to your final image by printing it on to textured bromide paper ( see p . 77 ) . But to achieve a wider range of effects you can print your normal or line negative together with a texture screen a patterned line negative .
Subjects for line film
Because line film simplifies tones to either black or white , fine detail and the sense of depth conveyed by tonal changes are lost . The photo- graph shown left is ideal for con- version into line . It is a strong , two dimensional graphic image . In addi- tion it contains a range of textures that translate well into line , below .
Copying on to line film
Make a normal 10 × 8 ins en- largement from your negative , and set this up in front of the camera for copying as shown on page 212 . Load the camera under safelighting with a single , frame - size piece of high contrast line film . Kodaline line film is about 1 ASA . So for exposure , multiply the reading from your meter for 32 ASA film by 32 . Then process the film in a tray of double strength print developer . This gives a contrasty line negative . Enlarge the negative on to hard grade paper .
Contact printing on to line film
Contact print the negative on to a piece of line film and process it in print developer , as above . The result is a contrasty positive on film . Dry this and contact print it on to another sheet of line film and process again . This produces a final line negative . Enlarge the negative on to hard grade paper .
Adding texture
There are several varieties of tex- ture screens available including " gravel " , below near right , and " tapestry " , below far right . But you can make your own screen by making an underexposed and slightly underdeveloped negative of a regular patterned surface .
Sandwich the negative and the texture screen emulsion to emul- sion in the enlarger and expose them together at a wide aperture . Try to use a glass negative carrier to keep the two images in com- plete contact . The effect of the " gravel " screen is shown near right ; the " tapestry " textured print is shown far right .
Using line film and texturing
Normal photographic films and papers give continuous tone images - they form a range of grays between
black and white , as shown right . But you can convert existing pictures by using line film to create a stark line image in black and white only , as shown below right . There are two ways of doing this by copying or by contact printing .
You can add texture to your final image by printing it on to textured bromide paper ( see p . 77 ) . But to achieve a wider range of effects you can print your normal or line negative together with a texture screen a patterned line negative .
Subjects for line film
Because line film simplifies tones to either black or white , fine detail and the sense of depth conveyed by tonal changes are lost . The photo- graph shown left is ideal for con- version into line . It is a strong , two dimensional graphic image . In addi- tion it contains a range of textures that translate well into line , below .
Copying on to line film
Make a normal 10 × 8 ins en- largement from your negative , and set this up in front of the camera for copying as shown on page 212 . Load the camera under safelighting with a single , frame - size piece of high contrast line film . Kodaline line film is about 1 ASA . So for exposure , multiply the reading from your meter for 32 ASA film by 32 . Then process the film in a tray of double strength print developer . This gives a contrasty line negative . Enlarge the negative on to hard grade paper .
Contact printing on to line film
Contact print the negative on to a piece of line film and process it in print developer , as above . The result is a contrasty positive on film . Dry this and contact print it on to another sheet of line film and process again . This produces a final line negative . Enlarge the negative on to hard grade paper .
Adding texture
There are several varieties of tex- ture screens available including " gravel " , below near right , and " tapestry " , below far right . But you can make your own screen by making an underexposed and slightly underdeveloped negative of a regular patterned surface .
Sandwich the negative and the texture screen emulsion to emul- sion in the enlarger and expose them together at a wide aperture . Try to use a glass negative carrier to keep the two images in com- plete contact . The effect of the " gravel " screen is shown near right ; the " tapestry " textured print is shown far right .
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