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استخدام البيئة .. معدات وتقنيات إضافية .. المرشد خطوة بخطوة للتصوير الفوتوغرافي
Using the environment
Your initial reaction to an unfamiliar environment can often be the truest . Per- haps you find a subject peaceful or dramatic mysterious or exhilarating . It adds character and life to your pictures if these impressions are well conveyed .
The camera will often record too much- it is as important to know what to omit from a picture as what to include in it . Frame your image to exclude any details that might interfere with or distract from your main subject . Select an appropriate part of the environment and try to portray it in such a way that it sums up the whole . Sometimes it is best to concentrate on close - up details . Notices , worn steps , doorways , or some other characteristic features may evoke the mood of a place more strongly than an over- all view . A wide - angle lens is often useful here . You can go in close to a small area but still show the background because of the depth of field given by a wide - angle lens . You can use viewpoint , framing , and perspective to stress the essential character of a subject . For instance , when photo- graphing a bridge , you can use the steep perspective of vertical framing from a low viewpoint . This will emphasize the strength of the bridge's construction .
Consider the direction and quality of lighting , and the effect they have on form , depth , and texture . Wherever possible , wait for the right weather and lighting conditions to suit your interpretation of your subject . This may mean photographing during or just after rain , getting up early to use morning mist , or picking the right balance of light around dusk . Remember that you can change tonal contrast by using filters .
Using the right exposure is vital for capturing atmosphere . Generally you must take exposure readings from the most important subject area . But you will have to make corrections for glare when near water in strong light , and for taking pictures into the sun at sunset and dawn .
Exploiting focal length
The two pictures below show how changing your lens can give con- trasting interpretations of environ- ment . The low key , wide - angle landscape on the left suggests a forbidding , endless terrain . The 15 mm lens strongly brings out the weathered granite foreground , carrying through its pattern and detail by steep perspective , to the exaggeratedly distant mountains .
The 500 mm lens , used for the picture , below right , has the reverse effect on perspective , bringing beach , mountains and sky almost on to the same plane . Careful exposure has given a high key effect , reducing tonal contrast and so underlining the effects of the mist and haze . The balanced silhouettes of the bird , and the fisherman combine with the horizontal lines of the beach to give a feeling of serenity and calm .
Choosing time of day
The time of day you choose for taking a picture can totally change the apparent form and relative importance of objects in their sur- roundings . At night , a cityscape is transformed into isolated patterns formed by building and street lights , and the head and tail lights of automobiles . The picture below of New York's Broadway with 5th and 6th Avenues was taken at dusk .
The photographer waited until the artificial lighting in the city was about equal to the light remaining in the sky . Enough visible detail is left to show the complex shapes of the buildings a feature comple- mented by the dynamic lines of the illuminated streets , converging to- ward the water front . Minutes later , the focal point of the picture- the towers of Lower Manhattan- merged in the darkness .
Dramatizing the sky
Your strongest impression of a place may often be the sky or weather conditions . It is sometimes effective to make a landscape dis- appear into a thin , silhouetted band , as in the picture above .
A single exposure reading was taken from mid - gray cloud . As a result , land detail is merged by underexposure , and tone varia- tions in the cloudy sky are fully resolved . Dark , contrasty printing has added to the somber mood .
Selecting details
Details can often be more repre- sentative and create a stronger impression of a subject than an overall view . This is particularly true when the subject is crowded and your picture could easily become confused . The picture , right , is an example of a subject that is evocative because the two figures have been separated from the busy street . Nothing is superfluous- their expressions and clothing provide information , while the blurred background suggests the context without distracting attention from them .
Using the environment
Your initial reaction to an unfamiliar environment can often be the truest . Per- haps you find a subject peaceful or dramatic mysterious or exhilarating . It adds character and life to your pictures if these impressions are well conveyed .
The camera will often record too much- it is as important to know what to omit from a picture as what to include in it . Frame your image to exclude any details that might interfere with or distract from your main subject . Select an appropriate part of the environment and try to portray it in such a way that it sums up the whole . Sometimes it is best to concentrate on close - up details . Notices , worn steps , doorways , or some other characteristic features may evoke the mood of a place more strongly than an over- all view . A wide - angle lens is often useful here . You can go in close to a small area but still show the background because of the depth of field given by a wide - angle lens . You can use viewpoint , framing , and perspective to stress the essential character of a subject . For instance , when photo- graphing a bridge , you can use the steep perspective of vertical framing from a low viewpoint . This will emphasize the strength of the bridge's construction .
Consider the direction and quality of lighting , and the effect they have on form , depth , and texture . Wherever possible , wait for the right weather and lighting conditions to suit your interpretation of your subject . This may mean photographing during or just after rain , getting up early to use morning mist , or picking the right balance of light around dusk . Remember that you can change tonal contrast by using filters .
Using the right exposure is vital for capturing atmosphere . Generally you must take exposure readings from the most important subject area . But you will have to make corrections for glare when near water in strong light , and for taking pictures into the sun at sunset and dawn .
Exploiting focal length
The two pictures below show how changing your lens can give con- trasting interpretations of environ- ment . The low key , wide - angle landscape on the left suggests a forbidding , endless terrain . The 15 mm lens strongly brings out the weathered granite foreground , carrying through its pattern and detail by steep perspective , to the exaggeratedly distant mountains .
The 500 mm lens , used for the picture , below right , has the reverse effect on perspective , bringing beach , mountains and sky almost on to the same plane . Careful exposure has given a high key effect , reducing tonal contrast and so underlining the effects of the mist and haze . The balanced silhouettes of the bird , and the fisherman combine with the horizontal lines of the beach to give a feeling of serenity and calm .
Choosing time of day
The time of day you choose for taking a picture can totally change the apparent form and relative importance of objects in their sur- roundings . At night , a cityscape is transformed into isolated patterns formed by building and street lights , and the head and tail lights of automobiles . The picture below of New York's Broadway with 5th and 6th Avenues was taken at dusk .
The photographer waited until the artificial lighting in the city was about equal to the light remaining in the sky . Enough visible detail is left to show the complex shapes of the buildings a feature comple- mented by the dynamic lines of the illuminated streets , converging to- ward the water front . Minutes later , the focal point of the picture- the towers of Lower Manhattan- merged in the darkness .
Dramatizing the sky
Your strongest impression of a place may often be the sky or weather conditions . It is sometimes effective to make a landscape dis- appear into a thin , silhouetted band , as in the picture above .
A single exposure reading was taken from mid - gray cloud . As a result , land detail is merged by underexposure , and tone varia- tions in the cloudy sky are fully resolved . Dark , contrasty printing has added to the somber mood .
Selecting details
Details can often be more repre- sentative and create a stronger impression of a subject than an overall view . This is particularly true when the subject is crowded and your picture could easily become confused . The picture , right , is an example of a subject that is evocative because the two figures have been separated from the busy street . Nothing is superfluous- their expressions and clothing provide information , while the blurred background suggests the context without distracting attention from them .
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