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استخدام العدسات ذات التركيز الطويل والزاوية الواسعة .. معدات وتقنيات إضافية .. المرشد خطوة بخطوة للتصوير الفوتوغرافي
Using long focus and wide angle - lenses
Long focus lenses often give a sense of de- tachment from the subject in your pictures . This is because they can be used to reduce the perspective so that it does not extend beyond the picture plane toward the viewer . Long lenses are useful when you want to show objects at different distances in close conjunction , or when you want to take candid shots without disturbing the subject .
The greater sense of perspective created by working close - up using a wide - angle lens involves the viewer more . But on extreme . lenses or very close - up , shapes can appear distorted . Wide - angle lenses are useful when you are working in a limited space , because they include much more of the subject than a standard or long focus lens .
With a long focus lens any unsteadiness is exaggerated by its narrow angle of view . As a rough guide , do not use slower shutter speeds than the value of the focal length of the lens . For example , 1/125 sec should be the slowest hand - supported speed you can use with a 135 mm lens .
Wide - angle lens
The picture , above right , was taken with a 24 mm lens . This wide - angle lens allowed a close viewpoint , with- out losing any of the subject . The close viewpoint has created a steep perspective .
Perspective is given by the way that the foreground and back- ground figures , although only a short distance apart , are notice- ably different in size . The aperture was quite large - f4 but the depth of field still extends through- out the picture .
Note the " stretched " shape of the music score lying on the floor . This distortion , created by wide- angle lenses , is most noticeable at the corners of the picture . It has helped to give an even stronger impression of depth .
Long focus lens
A 200 mm lens was used for the picture , right . This made it pos- sible to fill the frame with a com- paratively small subject from a distance of about 100 ft ( 30 m ) away . Perspective is flattened because both nearest and furthest objects in the picture are a great distance from the lens . The steps have been compressed almost on to one plane so that the man appears to be climbing a ladder . Even at an aperture of f11 , the shallow depth of field with this lens only just renders the subject sharp .
Portraits and distortion
The picture above left was taken with a 28 mm lens at about 2 ft ( 0.6 m ) away from the model . The nearest parts of his face are exag- gerated , while the rest of his head recedes sharply . The result is a very unflattering , distorted portrait . The
second picture , above right , was taken with a 135 mm lens from about 8 ft ( 2.4 m ) away . The head still fills the picture frame but the distortion has been eliminated by the more distant viewpoint . All his features now appear correctly in proportion to one another .
Using long focus and wide angle - lenses
Long focus lenses often give a sense of de- tachment from the subject in your pictures . This is because they can be used to reduce the perspective so that it does not extend beyond the picture plane toward the viewer . Long lenses are useful when you want to show objects at different distances in close conjunction , or when you want to take candid shots without disturbing the subject .
The greater sense of perspective created by working close - up using a wide - angle lens involves the viewer more . But on extreme . lenses or very close - up , shapes can appear distorted . Wide - angle lenses are useful when you are working in a limited space , because they include much more of the subject than a standard or long focus lens .
With a long focus lens any unsteadiness is exaggerated by its narrow angle of view . As a rough guide , do not use slower shutter speeds than the value of the focal length of the lens . For example , 1/125 sec should be the slowest hand - supported speed you can use with a 135 mm lens .
Wide - angle lens
The picture , above right , was taken with a 24 mm lens . This wide - angle lens allowed a close viewpoint , with- out losing any of the subject . The close viewpoint has created a steep perspective .
Perspective is given by the way that the foreground and back- ground figures , although only a short distance apart , are notice- ably different in size . The aperture was quite large - f4 but the depth of field still extends through- out the picture .
Note the " stretched " shape of the music score lying on the floor . This distortion , created by wide- angle lenses , is most noticeable at the corners of the picture . It has helped to give an even stronger impression of depth .
Long focus lens
A 200 mm lens was used for the picture , right . This made it pos- sible to fill the frame with a com- paratively small subject from a distance of about 100 ft ( 30 m ) away . Perspective is flattened because both nearest and furthest objects in the picture are a great distance from the lens . The steps have been compressed almost on to one plane so that the man appears to be climbing a ladder . Even at an aperture of f11 , the shallow depth of field with this lens only just renders the subject sharp .
Portraits and distortion
The picture above left was taken with a 28 mm lens at about 2 ft ( 0.6 m ) away from the model . The nearest parts of his face are exag- gerated , while the rest of his head recedes sharply . The result is a very unflattering , distorted portrait . The
second picture , above right , was taken with a 135 mm lens from about 8 ft ( 2.4 m ) away . The head still fills the picture frame but the distortion has been eliminated by the more distant viewpoint . All his features now appear correctly in proportion to one another .
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