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غسل وتجفيف المطبوعات .. المعالجة والطباعة بالأبيض والأسود .. المرشد خطوة بخطوة للتصوير الفوتوغرافي
Print washing and drying
Once the print has been processed it must be thoroughly washed to remove the chemi- cals created during fixing as well as the fixer itself . An unwashed print dry with a chemical scum and may bleach and discolor within a few days .
Washing and washing equipment
Normal washing time for paper - based papers is about 15 minutes ; for resin - coated papers , in washers such as the sprinkler tray shown below , total washing time is only from one to two minutes . Resin - coated papers need less time for washing since the resin - coated base is nonabsorbent and only the paper surface needs to be washed .
If you do not have a supply of running water or a sink , wash the prints by letting them soak in a large tray and change the water every five minutes about six changes of water will do . If you prefer , you can buy special equipment for washing these gadgets generally need a supply of running water and a sink . The simplest and cheapest is a large perforated plastic tube which fits over the outlet of a sink regulating the outflow of water . A siphon washer , that clips on to the side of the tray , provides a constant flow of water over the prints . In a grid washer prints are held separately , to prevent contact , in a con- tinuous spray of water .
Drying and glazing
Glossy paper - based prints can be dried with or without a glaze this a matter of choice ; other paper - based prints will dry unglazed . A flatbed dryer , shown below , is for paper - based prints only and gives you the option of a glazed or unglazed finish , whereas photographic blotter paper only produces unglazed prints .
Glossy resin - coated papers always dry with a glaze . They must be air dried , by pegging them on a line or putting them on racks , such as the air - drying rack shown below . There are also electric heater dryers available that will dry resin - coated papers in about 30 seconds .
Print drying equipment
Air - drying print rack
Flatbed dryer
Print washing equipment
Perforated tube
Siphon washer
Sprinkler tray
Grid washer
Drying prints with a flatbed dryer
1. Dry the wet print initially between two sheets of photo- graphic blotting paper ( not ordinary blotting paper ) .
2. For a glazed finish on glossy papers , squeegee the print face down on to the glazing plate ; place the print face up on the plate for an unglazed result .
3. Place the metal plate , with the prints , on the machine and close the lid . Leave until the fabric surface of the lid feels dry usually about 10 minutes .
4. Open the lid - glazed prints will curl over the plate surface ; unglazed prints will curl upward , away from the plate .
Photographic papers
The appearance of your print is affected by the photographic paper you choose . The majority of photo- graphic papers are " bromide " papers that is , their light - sensi- tivity depends on silver bromide salts in the emulsion coating . These papers come in a wide range of types and sizes . With experi- ence , you will be able to decide which paper you prefer for a particular subject or effect .
Surface texture
Paper surfaces range from glossy to mat and include " luster " . " tweed " , and " silk " . Glossy prints have the richest blacks , and can be glazed ; mat prints are easiest to retouch .
Base tint
White is the most popular paper color , but others include " warm- white " and the stronger " cream- white " . For extreme effects there are fluorescent colored papers .
Paper thickness
Thicknesses range from light or medium to double weight . The card - like " double weight " is the most expensive , but more robust .
Base type
Photographic papers may either be the simple paper - based type ( paper on one side and emulsion on the other ) or resin - coated ( RC ) - with an additional plastic coat-ing on both sides of the paper before the emulsion is added . Such resin - coated ( or " plastic- based " ) papers have the advantage of faster processing and drying .
Contrast grade
You can buy up to six contrast grades ranging from very soft to extra hard . These are explained on pages 84-5 . Variable contrast papers , which alter local contrast , are explained on page 87 .
Not all papers are offered with every one of these variations . If you have not printed before it is best to start with glossy , white , paper - based , single weight ,bromide paper of normal contrast grade . This long description contains terms defining surface texture , color , thickness , base type , and contrast .
Print washing and drying
Once the print has been processed it must be thoroughly washed to remove the chemi- cals created during fixing as well as the fixer itself . An unwashed print dry with a chemical scum and may bleach and discolor within a few days .
Washing and washing equipment
Normal washing time for paper - based papers is about 15 minutes ; for resin - coated papers , in washers such as the sprinkler tray shown below , total washing time is only from one to two minutes . Resin - coated papers need less time for washing since the resin - coated base is nonabsorbent and only the paper surface needs to be washed .
If you do not have a supply of running water or a sink , wash the prints by letting them soak in a large tray and change the water every five minutes about six changes of water will do . If you prefer , you can buy special equipment for washing these gadgets generally need a supply of running water and a sink . The simplest and cheapest is a large perforated plastic tube which fits over the outlet of a sink regulating the outflow of water . A siphon washer , that clips on to the side of the tray , provides a constant flow of water over the prints . In a grid washer prints are held separately , to prevent contact , in a con- tinuous spray of water .
Drying and glazing
Glossy paper - based prints can be dried with or without a glaze this a matter of choice ; other paper - based prints will dry unglazed . A flatbed dryer , shown below , is for paper - based prints only and gives you the option of a glazed or unglazed finish , whereas photographic blotter paper only produces unglazed prints .
Glossy resin - coated papers always dry with a glaze . They must be air dried , by pegging them on a line or putting them on racks , such as the air - drying rack shown below . There are also electric heater dryers available that will dry resin - coated papers in about 30 seconds .
Print drying equipment
Air - drying print rack
Flatbed dryer
Print washing equipment
Perforated tube
Siphon washer
Sprinkler tray
Grid washer
Drying prints with a flatbed dryer
1. Dry the wet print initially between two sheets of photo- graphic blotting paper ( not ordinary blotting paper ) .
2. For a glazed finish on glossy papers , squeegee the print face down on to the glazing plate ; place the print face up on the plate for an unglazed result .
3. Place the metal plate , with the prints , on the machine and close the lid . Leave until the fabric surface of the lid feels dry usually about 10 minutes .
4. Open the lid - glazed prints will curl over the plate surface ; unglazed prints will curl upward , away from the plate .
Photographic papers
The appearance of your print is affected by the photographic paper you choose . The majority of photo- graphic papers are " bromide " papers that is , their light - sensi- tivity depends on silver bromide salts in the emulsion coating . These papers come in a wide range of types and sizes . With experi- ence , you will be able to decide which paper you prefer for a particular subject or effect .
Surface texture
Paper surfaces range from glossy to mat and include " luster " . " tweed " , and " silk " . Glossy prints have the richest blacks , and can be glazed ; mat prints are easiest to retouch .
Base tint
White is the most popular paper color , but others include " warm- white " and the stronger " cream- white " . For extreme effects there are fluorescent colored papers .
Paper thickness
Thicknesses range from light or medium to double weight . The card - like " double weight " is the most expensive , but more robust .
Base type
Photographic papers may either be the simple paper - based type ( paper on one side and emulsion on the other ) or resin - coated ( RC ) - with an additional plastic coat-ing on both sides of the paper before the emulsion is added . Such resin - coated ( or " plastic- based " ) papers have the advantage of faster processing and drying .
Contrast grade
You can buy up to six contrast grades ranging from very soft to extra hard . These are explained on pages 84-5 . Variable contrast papers , which alter local contrast , are explained on page 87 .
Not all papers are offered with every one of these variations . If you have not printed before it is best to start with glossy , white , paper - based , single weight ,bromide paper of normal contrast grade . This long description contains terms defining surface texture , color , thickness , base type , and contrast .
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