تويت
الغسيل والتجفيف .. المعالجة والطباعة بالأبيض والأسود .. المرشد خطوة بخطوة للتصوير الفوتوغرافي
Washing and drying
The final stages of processing - washing and drying need the same care and attention to detail as the earlier steps . Washing must remove the processing chemicals , which will otherwise stain the film . When wet negatives are very sensitive : hairs , scratches , and even dust will damage the delicate surface of the emulsion . Even after drying negatives must be handled carefully , always by the edges only .
Wash the film in normal light , but keep it in the developing tank - a rubber hose can be used to connect the faucet with the tank ( use a water filter if your water supply sometimes contains grit ) . After the wash , which should thoroughly clean the film , use wetting agent to assist drying . Then re- move the film from the reel and hang it to dry by film clips ; surplus liquid should be wiped off by running wetted , rubber - faced squeegee tongs down the face of the film .
Taking care of your negatives
Once the film is absolutely dry , protect it as soon as possible ; do not just roll it up , as this is bound to cause scratches . Some sort of permanent protective file is essential once you have more than a couple of reels of developed film . For storing the film , cut it into strips about five or six negatives long and put them in transparent sleeves or , better still , a negative album . It is best to give the whole film a number and mark this on the film envelope or album page for future reference . Since each negative al- ready has a number printed beneath it in the rebate ( margin ) , you can quickly find a specific image on the film by a simple reference , e.g. 12/3 would mean film number 12 , negative number 3 .
Negative filing
Loose - leaf albums with trans- parent sleeves are an efficient means of storing your negatives safely . The contact prints of each film can be inserted opposite the negative strips .
Washing equipment
Water filter
Rubber hose
Squeegee tongs
Film clips
Graduate
Wetting agent
Washing and drying processed film
1. Remove the lid from the developing tank and wash the film for about 15-20 mins , Push the hose well down into the center of the reel , and have the faucet on so that the water over- flows steadily from the tank .
2. For the final rinse use a photographic wetting agent to hasten drying . Pour a few drops of the agent into the tank and leave for one minute .
3. Attach a clip to the end of the wet film and remove the film from the reel . Wipe off the surplus liquid with wetted squee- gee tongs , but beware of grit on the rubber pads of the tongs .
4. Fix a clip to the other end of the film and hang it up to dry . You can use a collapsible film dryer , shown right , this will dry the film in about 15 minutes .
Reminders : black and white processing
Load in complete darkness
Test your room or closet by stay- ing inside for at least five min- utes ; if you can then start to see around you , it is unsafe !
Always handle the film by its edges
Before , during , and after pro- cessing , film is very sensitive to finger marks , scratches , dust etc.
Remember the four main processing controls
Temperature - this should be 68 ° F ( 20 ° C ) ; stand solutions and containers in water to main- tain this temperature .
Time follow the manufac- turer's instructions for your film . Agitation too much or too little may cause uneven dev- elopment .
Developer check its dilution and , if it is re - usable , the number of times it has been used .
Wash and dry the film thoroughly and carefully
Chemicals , dust , and grit will permanently damage your negatives .
Wash and wipe out all processing equipment after use The processing reel and tank must be clean and dry before loading them with another film .
Washing and drying
The final stages of processing - washing and drying need the same care and attention to detail as the earlier steps . Washing must remove the processing chemicals , which will otherwise stain the film . When wet negatives are very sensitive : hairs , scratches , and even dust will damage the delicate surface of the emulsion . Even after drying negatives must be handled carefully , always by the edges only .
Wash the film in normal light , but keep it in the developing tank - a rubber hose can be used to connect the faucet with the tank ( use a water filter if your water supply sometimes contains grit ) . After the wash , which should thoroughly clean the film , use wetting agent to assist drying . Then re- move the film from the reel and hang it to dry by film clips ; surplus liquid should be wiped off by running wetted , rubber - faced squeegee tongs down the face of the film .
Taking care of your negatives
Once the film is absolutely dry , protect it as soon as possible ; do not just roll it up , as this is bound to cause scratches . Some sort of permanent protective file is essential once you have more than a couple of reels of developed film . For storing the film , cut it into strips about five or six negatives long and put them in transparent sleeves or , better still , a negative album . It is best to give the whole film a number and mark this on the film envelope or album page for future reference . Since each negative al- ready has a number printed beneath it in the rebate ( margin ) , you can quickly find a specific image on the film by a simple reference , e.g. 12/3 would mean film number 12 , negative number 3 .
Negative filing
Loose - leaf albums with trans- parent sleeves are an efficient means of storing your negatives safely . The contact prints of each film can be inserted opposite the negative strips .
Washing equipment
Water filter
Rubber hose
Squeegee tongs
Film clips
Graduate
Wetting agent
Washing and drying processed film
1. Remove the lid from the developing tank and wash the film for about 15-20 mins , Push the hose well down into the center of the reel , and have the faucet on so that the water over- flows steadily from the tank .
2. For the final rinse use a photographic wetting agent to hasten drying . Pour a few drops of the agent into the tank and leave for one minute .
3. Attach a clip to the end of the wet film and remove the film from the reel . Wipe off the surplus liquid with wetted squee- gee tongs , but beware of grit on the rubber pads of the tongs .
4. Fix a clip to the other end of the film and hang it up to dry . You can use a collapsible film dryer , shown right , this will dry the film in about 15 minutes .
Reminders : black and white processing
Load in complete darkness
Test your room or closet by stay- ing inside for at least five min- utes ; if you can then start to see around you , it is unsafe !
Always handle the film by its edges
Before , during , and after pro- cessing , film is very sensitive to finger marks , scratches , dust etc.
Remember the four main processing controls
Temperature - this should be 68 ° F ( 20 ° C ) ; stand solutions and containers in water to main- tain this temperature .
Time follow the manufac- turer's instructions for your film . Agitation too much or too little may cause uneven dev- elopment .
Developer check its dilution and , if it is re - usable , the number of times it has been used .
Wash and dry the film thoroughly and carefully
Chemicals , dust , and grit will permanently damage your negatives .
Wash and wipe out all processing equipment after use The processing reel and tank must be clean and dry before loading them with another film .
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