تويت
الخطوة 1: معالجة الفيلم / التحضير .. المعالجة والطباعة بالأبيض والأسود .. المرشد خطوة بخطوة للتصوير الفوتوغرافي
STEP 1 : PROCESSING FILM / Preparation
Although starting to do your own film pro- cessing may seem a big step , the equipment needed is not very complicated or costly . All the basic items are shown at right . Both types of developing tank are shown , the rubber gloves are included as an optional protection from the processing chemicals , and the concertina storage bottle is a simple means of keeping the developer from oxidiz- ing in the air .
You don't really need a proper darkroom , because once the film is unwrapped and loaded into the light - proof developing tank - a job which can be done in a loading bag or a light - tight room or closet all the pro- cessing stages can be carried out in normal lighting . The most important part of doing your own processing is the need to take great care . Film is extremely sensitive and must not be fingermarked , bent or scratched . Always handle the film by its edges , and make sure that it is not in contact with itself at any point .
Although at present we are dealing with black and white work the same basic equip- ment can be used to process color trans- parencies and negatives . Only the chemical stages are different .
Basic equipment
Processing chemicals
Concertina storage bottle
Tray
Scissors
Graduates
Funnel
Timer
Thermometer
Squeegee tongs
Stainless steel tank
Stainless steel reel
Plastic tank
Plastic reel
Rubber gloves
Film clips
Water filter
Rubber hose
The developing tank
The daylight developing tank is your single most important item of equipment . There are two main types - plastic and stainless steel , each using a different type of reel to hold the film . Plastic tanks are cheaper , and easier for a beginner to load , but stainless steel tanks can be loaded much faster once you have learned how . In both cases it is important to practice loading in daylight first , using a length of scrap film and follow- ing the relevant sequence of instructions on the page opposite . Do this first with your eyes open , then shut . All the other items needed for processing the chemicals ( developer , fixer , and stop bath ) , clock , thermometer etc. are shown in use on page 70. All can be bought in most camera stores .
When you can insert a practice film properly into the processing reel without jamming or buckling , decide how you will work . You may prefer to use a black fabric loading bag into which you put all the bits of the tank ( including the lid ! ) and the film ; then by putting your arms down the elastic sleeves you can load in normal room light . Alternatively you can work in a blacked- out closet or a darkened room at night and load the film direct . Test your surroundings first : if after about five minutes in the dark you can begin to see around you then the room is not dark enough . Either way , once the film is reeled and inside the closed tank you are ready to begin the next and simpler stages of processing , washing , and drying .
Unwrapping the film
As taken from the camera , the exposed film has to be removed from its container in the dark immediately before you load it on to the developing tank reel . The methods of unwrapping the three main types of film packages are described below .
35 mm cassette film
Use a bottle opener to pull off one end of the cassette , then slide out the film spool . The shaped first few inches of the film must be trimmed square for loading . If you don't rewind the film completely into the cassette when it is in the camera , then the end can be trimmed and attached to the developing tank reel in daylight .
Rollfilm
This needs several inches of its backing paper unrolled until the free end of the film can be felt . Unroll and separate the film from the paper , and remove the tape at the far end that attaches them to each other .
Plastic film cartridge
This must be broken in half . Re- move the full spool from one end and separate the film from its backing paper as with rollfilm .
Break open the cartridge
Remove the spool
STEP 1 : PROCESSING FILM / Preparation
Although starting to do your own film pro- cessing may seem a big step , the equipment needed is not very complicated or costly . All the basic items are shown at right . Both types of developing tank are shown , the rubber gloves are included as an optional protection from the processing chemicals , and the concertina storage bottle is a simple means of keeping the developer from oxidiz- ing in the air .
You don't really need a proper darkroom , because once the film is unwrapped and loaded into the light - proof developing tank - a job which can be done in a loading bag or a light - tight room or closet all the pro- cessing stages can be carried out in normal lighting . The most important part of doing your own processing is the need to take great care . Film is extremely sensitive and must not be fingermarked , bent or scratched . Always handle the film by its edges , and make sure that it is not in contact with itself at any point .
Although at present we are dealing with black and white work the same basic equip- ment can be used to process color trans- parencies and negatives . Only the chemical stages are different .
Basic equipment
Processing chemicals
Concertina storage bottle
Tray
Scissors
Graduates
Funnel
Timer
Thermometer
Squeegee tongs
Stainless steel tank
Stainless steel reel
Plastic tank
Plastic reel
Rubber gloves
Film clips
Water filter
Rubber hose
The developing tank
The daylight developing tank is your single most important item of equipment . There are two main types - plastic and stainless steel , each using a different type of reel to hold the film . Plastic tanks are cheaper , and easier for a beginner to load , but stainless steel tanks can be loaded much faster once you have learned how . In both cases it is important to practice loading in daylight first , using a length of scrap film and follow- ing the relevant sequence of instructions on the page opposite . Do this first with your eyes open , then shut . All the other items needed for processing the chemicals ( developer , fixer , and stop bath ) , clock , thermometer etc. are shown in use on page 70. All can be bought in most camera stores .
When you can insert a practice film properly into the processing reel without jamming or buckling , decide how you will work . You may prefer to use a black fabric loading bag into which you put all the bits of the tank ( including the lid ! ) and the film ; then by putting your arms down the elastic sleeves you can load in normal room light . Alternatively you can work in a blacked- out closet or a darkened room at night and load the film direct . Test your surroundings first : if after about five minutes in the dark you can begin to see around you then the room is not dark enough . Either way , once the film is reeled and inside the closed tank you are ready to begin the next and simpler stages of processing , washing , and drying .
Unwrapping the film
As taken from the camera , the exposed film has to be removed from its container in the dark immediately before you load it on to the developing tank reel . The methods of unwrapping the three main types of film packages are described below .
35 mm cassette film
Use a bottle opener to pull off one end of the cassette , then slide out the film spool . The shaped first few inches of the film must be trimmed square for loading . If you don't rewind the film completely into the cassette when it is in the camera , then the end can be trimmed and attached to the developing tank reel in daylight .
Rollfilm
This needs several inches of its backing paper unrolled until the free end of the film can be felt . Unroll and separate the film from the paper , and remove the tape at the far end that attaches them to each other .
Plastic film cartridge
This must be broken in half . Re- move the full spool from one end and separate the film from its backing paper as with rollfilm .
Break open the cartridge
Remove the spool
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