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Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Computer - English - French - Arabic Letter 1_W

wafer
tranche f

Chip. The name is given to a thin slice cut from a large crystal of germanium or silicon.

Its first use was in the mid-fifties in the manufacture of transistors, which led to the integrated circuit or chip in 1959. A typical chip is 0.01 inches thick, 10 centimeters in diameter, and contains 250 chips.

wand
baguette f

Light pen. Another name for light pen.

weighted check digit
chifre m de contrôle ponderé

Weighted check digit. A method of verifying the validity of data entry that prevents errors made by the original data collector or during data transfer. This method is superior to the checksum digits method, and it is assumed that hundreds of years may pass before the computer accepts the error when using this method.

As an example of a weighted check digit, we take the ISBN of this book: 0004591054.
The actual number here is 000459105, and 4 is the check digit.

When each digit in the number is multiplied by a factor starting with the smallest significant digit (the rightmost digit), and the results are added together, the sum is completely divisible (without remainder) by the factor (a predetermined odd number, which in this case is 11).

For the coded number to be valid, there must be no remainder for the division operation:

0+0+0+28+30+45+4+0+10+4=121

121÷11 = 11

To calculate a weighted check digit, we take the number: 0000459105?

Multiplying by the factors from the second number to the right:

0004591054
10987654321

The sum of the multiplication results is:

0+0+0+28+ 30+ 45+4+0+10=117

When dividing 117 by 11, the remainder is 7. Subtracting 7 from 11, we find the second highest number that must be added to make the total 117 exactly divisible by the factor 11:

7 remainder 11 = +10 ÷ 117
11- 7 = 4
4 + 117 = 121 (exactly divisible by 11)

This is the number that indicates the check digit, making the whole number 0004591054.


WIMP

See windows icons mice pointers environment .

Winchester disk drive
hard disk entrainment device

Winchester disk drive . This tool was developed in the American town of Winchester and was designed to replace disk units in small computers, avoiding the problems of changing and handling floppy disks. These non-flexible hard disks, as they are called, act as a fixed disk system and the read/write head is very close to the disk. In this way, the tracks are very close to each other and very large amounts of data can be stored.

For example, a 5.25-inch Winchester disk can store 100 times more data than a regular hard disk. It also spins at about 10 times the speed of a floppy disk.

Less than ten thousandths of an inch

Track width
Read/write head
Disk
Diskette drive

Read/write head
Track width
Winchester disk drive

Currently available sizes include 5.25 inches, 8 inches, and 14 inches.

As a result, many microcomputer manufacturers offer the buyer the option of either a Winchester disk drive or a diskette drive with the machine itself.

Windows icons mice pointers environment (WIMP)

WIMP environment

A suite of integrated programs that provides an interface between the user, the operating system, and application programs. A mouse, a small desktop device, is used to move a pointer on the screen. Selection is made by selecting the appropriate icon (pictured) and clicking on the mouse buttons. Icons represent different activities such as dismiss, index, save, and other application functions. Descending selection lists increase the available options. Multiple screen windows can be displayed, allowing zooming in or out within the general limits of the screen space. The WIMP environment makes the touchpad unnecessary for issuing instructions.

Some WIMP programs allow multi-tasking, where several programs may be in memory and one can navigate between them with a mouse. One program can be used while the previous one is being processed. (In fact, the computer processes parts of each program one after the other, but today's powerful microprocessors make the delay almost unnoticeable.)

Examples of common WIMP environments include GEM and Microsoft Windows. Many computer-aided design (CAD), word processing (WP), graphic design, and desktop publishing applications include WIMP features.