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transistor
transistor m

Transistor. The transistor was invented in 1948 and revolutionized the world of electronics and computing by replacing the unreliable valve. This solid state device is small, reliable, cheap and consumes very little electrical power. It can be used as an amplifier or as a switching device that forms the basis of computer logic and memory circuits. Combining two transistors results in astable and bistable circuits, which are the building blocks of today's electronic systems. Transistors are made of semiconductors of the p-type p and n-type n (where n-p-n is the most common), such as silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide. There are two main types of transistors: the junction transistor and the field-effect transistor (FET). The former, sometimes called the bipolar, is actually the faster and more robust of the two, although it has a more critical voltage and requires a 5-volt stabilized power supply. The first chip was made in 1959 when a transistor and a resistor were made together. Hence the term transistor-resistor logic (TRL).


transistor - transistor - logic (TTL) logic ƒ à transistors

Transistor-transistor logic. The design of the logic circuit by combining the junction transistor or bipolar transistor together on a chip has changed over the years from transistor-resistor logic (TRL) in 1959 to transistor-transistor logic (TTL) today.

It is now used in the largest integrated circuit family, the 7400 series, which contains more than 100 different chips. However, due to its need for a stable 55-volt supply, it has been replaced, in many applications, by the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit (based on the field-effect transistor (FET)). These operate in a wider voltage range (3 to 15 volts), consume less electrical power, and allow for more logic gates in the chip.

tree
arbre m

Tree. This word describes a non-linear way of storing data in a computer. One piece of data is connected to many other pieces, each of which is connected to many other pieces. However, a computer tree is an inverted tree with its "branches" branching downward.

Note that Farid can be derived from the root (Essam) as the third piece of data through Essam and Mohamed. In fact, everyone can be derived from three roots.

If the names were stored in alphabetical order, Farid would be the fifth piece of data in the order of the root.

TRL

Transistor-Resistor Logic.
Abbreviation - transistor resistor-logic.

truncation
troncature f

Truncation. When the number of significant figures in a number is reduced, truncation, unlike rounding, involves removing these figures without taking their value into account. For example, truncating the numbers 56.79 and 23820 to three significant figures results in the loss of 9 and 2 respectively:
56.7 becomes 56.79

23820 becomes 23800

truth table
table f de vérité

Table of truths. A table usually filled with 0s and 1s to show the changes made by logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT.

Gate and

For example: The gate and does not give an output with a logical value of 1 unless all of its inputs have a logical value of 1. The integer table for the gate and with two inputs is as follows:

Output ----- Input
0 --- 0 -- 0
0 ----1 ---0
1 --- 0 --- 0
1 --- 1 --- 1