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third generation computers ordinateurs mpl de troisième génération

Third generation computers. Computers that were made using integrated circuits, the first of which was made in 1966. The second generation of computers used transistors, while the first generation computers used electronic valves.

third generation languages ​​(3GL) languages ​​mpl de troisième génération

Third generation languages ​​are problem-solving languages ​​that do not depend on the type of central processing unit (CPU) used as was the case with second generation languages. These languages ​​were created with the introduction of integrated circuits and the use of basic words and instructions similar to the English language that must be translated into machine code either by an interpreter or a compiler. These third-generation languages ​​(also called high-order languages) are good for general-purpose programming, although some may be specialized. They are widely used in education and for coding and can be used on multiple computers.

Examples of third-generation languages ​​include:

COBOL, for business use.
FORTRAN, for scientific functions.
Pascal and C, for syntax and file manipulation.
Logo, for spreadsheet and database manipulation.
BASIC, for general purposes.

time-sharing
partage m du temps

Time-sharing. The way in which it appears as if two or more users are using the same computer at the same time. In reality, the computer deals with each of them in turn, while the user appears to be the only one using the computer. Thus, output can be printed to a printer for one user while the computer is performing calculations for another user. No delay is noticeable until the number of users sharing time becomes large.

See also multi-access processing system.

top down
descendant

Descendant. This term refers to a programming method in which the programmer divides the problem into many small units, each of which follows the previous unit. Then a computer program is written for each of these units and tested separately, and the unit is not added to the previous one until it is successfully executed. In this way, the final program is built from top to bottom. Some believe that there is no need to state the context flowchart when using this method. However, structured programming is still required for easy understanding.

trace
dépistage m

Trace. A name given to a piece of software that follows each step of the program line by line. It enables the user to check for errors and locate them in the programs by typing the number of each line as the instructions are executed.

track
piste f

Path. The name of the channel or line on which data is recorded in a storage device.

An example of this is the row of holes in paper tape or the magnetic line parallel to the edge of the magnetic tape.

tractor feed
feeding f entrainée

Tractor feed. The name given to the method of moving the paper through the printer where the sprocket holes hold the paper along both edges. This method is distinguished from the friction feed method by the high accuracy in organizing and printing the paper when using pre-printed continuous stationery.

A tractor drive pulls the paper and guides it through the printer
Sprocket holes
Continuous paper

For example: Most small printers provide friction feed. The cylinder holds the paper like in a typewriter, but the tractor feed is an optional addition.

transducer
transducteur m

Transformer. Any device that converts energy "from" an electrical form or "to" an electrical form.

For example: A loudspeaker is a transducer because it converts electrical energy into sound energy that we can hear. Other examples include:
- The light-sensitive pen in a barcode reader.
- The electric motor.
- The electric thermometer.