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Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Computer - English - French - Arabic Letter 1_ S

scheduling
planning f

Scheduling. The order in which programs must be executed
, which the computer itself can do. For example: the first program in a row may not be able to be executed if it requires more memory than is available at that time. Even programs that are running allow other programs to sometimes advance if a particular peripheral device, such as a printer, is busy on demand.

schema
schéma m

Plan. This word refers to a general description or diagram of a database that can be accessed by a computer.

scratch pad memory
mémoire f de travail

scratchpad memory. Just as we use a scratchpad to calculate, for example, the cost of 24 pens if each one costs 17 liras, a portion of the computer's memory may be allocated to store the results of calculations that it will need later.

screen
écran m

screen. A television interface, visual display unit (VDU), or monitor.

It is used to display text or computer graphics. The term screen copy refers to the computer output as seen on the screen. The term screen editor refers to the editing facilities provided to the user by the terminal screen.

The term screen memory refers to the memory available to the computer or user at the terminal.

scroll
défilement m

Scrolling. The continuous movement of text displayed on a screen whereby each line added to the bottom of the text moves all the lines up one line and the top line disappears from view. Most microcomputers can be set to scroll a page (full screen) at a time or continue scrolling. Horizontal scrolling is used in some word processors. In this case, if the line is longer than the width of the screen, all the displayed text moves to the left when the line reaches the far right of the screen. Some text editors move only the selected line to the left.


search
recherche f

Mining. While mining for specific items in a huge set of records would take us a very long time, a computer does the same thing, in fact, very quickly. In computer mining, each item is obtained and checked in turn by a program that selects only what is needed.

second generation computers ordinateurs mpl de deuxième génération

Second generation computers. These computers were built between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s and used transistors. They were therefore smaller, more reliable, and consumed less electricity than first generation computers that used electronic valves.

second generation languages ​​(2GL) languages ​​mpl de deuxième génération

Second generation languages. These were introduced with the advent of transistors and represented a step forward in machine code programming. Second generation languages ​​allow one to program using a function code (sometimes called a memory assistant) and a location that indicates where data is located. These languages ​​became known as assembly languages. They depend on the type of CPU used and are tedious to program, but they are changed by the interpreter and executed quickly. Example:

Function code

LDA
ADD
STO

Location --- Accumulators

100 (Load the accumulator with the contents of location 101)
101 (Add the contents of location 101)
102 (Store the answers at location 102).

Sector
secteur m

Sector. A magnetic disk or drum uses circular tracks to store data. These tracks are formatted into sectors and the computer writes data from its memory, one sector track at a time. Note that although the track length in a sector near the center of a mini-floppy disk is shorter, it stores a similar amount of data as the track farther from the center.

Sector
Maximum path externally
Maximum path internally

seed crystal
germe f cristalline

Crystal seed. A small single crystal that swells to become a large crystal when kept in its supersaturated solution.

For example: A small crystal seed of silicon is rotated and slowly pulled from molten silicon to give a cylindrical crystal from which silicon wafers are cut.