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Jacquard
Jacquard

Jacquard Joseph Jacquard
(1752 - 1834). A French inventor who developed the technique of using punched cards to store machine operating instructions. The holes in the cards controlled the automatic weaving loom he made.

job
tâche f

Task. A word used to express the set of activities related to producing work by computer. A task usually has several operations and may require many programs and rounds.

job control language (JCL)
language m de contrôle des travaux

Task control language. A set of operating system commands designed for a specific computer used to execute a program. These commands can relate to the compiler, reading the program, allocating memory, processing time, and determining the printer output. The same set of commands can be used on a regular basis, in which case they are stored as a job control file.

Josephson memory
mémoire f de Josephson

Josephson memory. A magnetic memory device that was supposed to operate 100 times faster than the best current chips, and with a significant reduction in electrical power consumption. The cells of this memory were to be stored at very low temperatures using liquid helium. However, the project encountered major research problems in the 1980s, and development of this memory was halted.

joystick
manche ƒ à balai

Joystick. An input device for a microcomputer. When the stick is moved in one of eight directions, it is able to control the movement of a shape on the screen. The stick does this by operating two potentiometers, such as the volume control on a radio, one of which records movement in the direction of the X-axis (X) and the other in the direction of the Y-axis (7). There are often two joysticks that enable players to control a game on the screen.

A similar device, the mouse, is used in business programs and in WIMP environments.

junction transistor transistor m à junction

Junction transistor. Sometimes called a bipolar transistor or "just transistor".

In contrast to the field-effect transistor (FET), this semiconductor device works by regulating current across a junction or boundary between two materials of the p-type p type and the n-type n type. One of the advantages of this device over the field-effect transistor is that it operates faster.

justify
justifier

Displaces. The process of correcting the positions of words so that the left and right margins are regular. This is easily done in the text by a program before the words are printed.

For example: the paragraph above is shifted left and right, while this paragraph is shifted right only, and its lines have different lengths.
Word-processing and text-editing programs have this special displacement.