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Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Computer - English - French - Arabic Letter 1_ D

daisywheel printer
printer f à marguerite

A digital printer. This printer, as its name suggests, has a wheel with arms like the delicate petals of a small marguerite flower. At the end of each arm are two letters that are pressed forward with a hammer to print on paper using the typewriter ribbon. The speed of this printer reaches 50 characters per second, but it generally makes noise.

data
données fpl

Data. Data is a general term for numbers, figures, characters and symbols that a computer accepts, stores and processes. We can only call this data "information" when it becomes meaningful to humans. That's why terms like "information processing" and "information retrieval" are actually "data processing" and "data retrieval".

database
base f de données

Database. Data files are structured data stored in a computer but arranged so that they can be accessed in many different ways for use in different applications. The idea is that the same data is stored once but can be manipulated by a database management system so that different parts of the software can share the data files. For example, a database might contain three files: one for company names, a second for addresses, and a third for business types. The three files for a given company can be accessed using the company name or address.

data communications
télématique f

Information communications. The process of transferring data between devices that are often far apart. Computers and devices were manufactured, especially in the past, according to different standards set by the manufacturers, and direct communication between them was impossible. For this reason, an intermediate "data packet" was used that could change the data into a format that could be transmitted, and then change the data at the output into a format that could be used by the receiving computer. For example, British Telecom uses a Packet Switch Stream system called Broadband. Upon entry, the data is collected so that it can be used by the system and moves forward in packets. It is then dispersed at the desired exit for use by the receiving computers.

Broadband packet system

A gateway or gateway. (Packet exchanger/switch)

A computer network

A broadband system can carry voice, data, images and fax.

The International Consultative Committee on Telegraphy and Telephone (CCITT) recently approved a new standard communications system that, if adopted, will make it possible to establish communications between all computers and equipment via the general long-distance communications systems. This new system is called standard X 400. The current CCITT standard systems include 24.V via RS232C ports.

datalogging
data recording
A term used to describe the automatic collection of data by a machine for a computer, and the data is stored for later analysis. For example: A central heating system controlled by a microprocessor repeatedly records data coming from temperature sensors in the different rooms of the building. This data can be stored and used to control temperature.

data packet systems

data packet systems. See data communications

data processing (DP)
informatique f

Data processing is the process of collecting, storing, processing and transmitting data. A computer can be described as a data processing machine, although a data processing system may involve additional office work and hardware.

data protection act
loi f de protection des données

Data Protection Act. An Act of Parliament (UK) that came into force in 1986. The Act requires all organisations, businesses and institutions that hold computerised personal information about people to record this fact. Individuals can now review the files held about them. There are certain exceptions, such as police records and medical records. A record containing incorrect information can be ordered to be changed.

debugging
mise f au point

calendar. A computer programme can contain errors (bugs) that must be found and corrected. These errors are known as bugs and their correction is called correction. The three main types of errors are: logical errors (such as a program subtracting B from A instead of subtracting A from B), syntax errors (not using the rules for giving instructions correctly), and runtime errors (such as drawing foreground shapes the color of the background screen).