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Academia - Collins - Scientific Pocket Dictionaries - Computer - English - French - Arabic Letter 1_B

Babbage

Babbage. Charles Babbage (1791 - 1871) English mathematician who realized the need for an accurate calculating device and tried to create a "difference engine". In 1833 he proposed the analytical engine, which was in principle the predecessor of the modern computer. Using punched cards, this analytical engine was designed to perform calculations automatically, and was the first type of digital computer.

backing store
mémoire f auxiliaire

Backup store. A store for large amounts of data that can be easily (though not always quickly) transferred to the main store when needed. Another advantage is that it is not a volatile memory.
Examples include: magnetic cards or magnetic disks.

backup
sauvegarde f

backup. Equipment, systems, or data designed to be used if things go wrong. It also allows starting from the original data if a set of data is corrupted Records. For example, when storing records on a disk for use in a microcomputer, three copies called ancestral files must be kept. If a disk is damaged while being updated, one can continue working on the second copy even if there is a third copy. If there are only two copies and the first is damaged, the second must be copied to another disk before it can be updated. This can lead to the updated records being lost while copying the second disk. The third copy is always kept separate from the first and second copies.

bar code
code m à barres

Bar code. This consists of a set of straight lines of varying widths that can be read by passing a light pen through them. There are 30 lines on the packaging of household goods, giving a unique 13-digit number for each item. When the item is registered with the cashier, the machine finds the price through memory and can also record a shortage of one item from the stock of that item.

5 000185 001194
Commodity code.
Country code
Manufacturer code

Library cards and books sometimes carry bar codes, although they have a larger number of lines.
In this case, books borrowed during the day are recorded on tape using a light pen, and the data is transferred to the computer at the end of the day.

BASIC
BASIC

BASIC. (Abbreviation for Beginner's All - purpose Symbolic high - level) A high-level instruction code language used for general or conversational programming. Kemeny and Kurtz developed this language in the United States in 1964, and it was originally designed for educational use as an easy-to-learn language, where students could enter their programs line by line, and the computer would examine each line before accepting the next line.

Batch processing
treatment m par lots

Batch processing. A system for collecting all the different inputs or programs together and placing them in the computer in one group or batch. This does not occupy the computer worker with more than one loading and running process, regardless of the number of programs in the batch. The programs are processed as a single unit, which avoids wasting computer time when loading each program separately. Work control cards control each program during its processing.

For example: In a school that does not have its own computer facilities, each student in the class can write a program on a mark sense card, then the cards are taken to a computer in another location and fed in one batch. Not only is there usually a delay before the batch is executed, but several days may pass before the output is obtained.

batch total
total m de control

Check total. See hash total.

Baud rate
débit m en bauds

Baud rate (pulse rate). Named after the French inventor J.M.E. Baudot
(1845 - 1903), this rate today refers to the number of bits transmitted per second along a wire. While it originally referred to the speed of transmission of Morse code telegraphy.

Rate --- Used in:
110 baud --- from a teletype terminal to a computer.

300 baud ---- from slow-speed cassette tape to microphone

1200 baud ---- Prestel data receiver

7,000,000 baud ---- data transmission by satellite

1,000 million baud ---- potential speed in optical fibre

See binary coded decimal

BCD
BCS

British Computer Society.
(abbreviation for British Computer Society) .