أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الكمبيوتر - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٥_a

Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Computer - English - French - Arabic Letter 5_A

aspect ratio
rapport m largeur/ hauteur

Aspect ratio. The ratio of the width of a television screen to its height. The 4:3 ratio has been adopted in Britain and many other countries.

assembler
assembler m

Interpreter. The program that translates the assembly language into machine code.

assembly language
language m d'assembly

A low-level language that is similar to the way computer hardware works but is easier to use than machine code in programming. The computer manufacturer provides an "assembler" program that translates the complete assembly language program into machine code, whereby a single programming instruction becomes a single machine code instruction.

assign
affecter

Attach. Reserve a part of the computing system, such as a printer, for use by the program during its execution. Note that the allocate instruction is also similar but is controlled during execution and may make the specified hardware available to other programs at certain times.

astable

astable

Unstable. An electronic device that has two states but constantly switches from one to the other, oscillating between them. This device is used for timing in electronic watches and as the basis for a computer clock.

asynchronous mode
mode m asynchrone

Asynchronous state. The way a computer works so that the end of one process allows the next process to begin. The machine does not have to wait for the clock cycle to begin each process, as is the case in the synchronous mode.

Atlas

Atlas. The most famous second generation computers that were made using transistors instead of the thermoelectric valves used in the first generation.

ATM (automated telling machine)
guichet m automatique

Automated teller machine. A computerized cash dispenser that accepts credit cards.

A to D converter (analogue to digital)
convertisseur m analogique/numérique

Analog to digital converter. A device capable of changing a constantly changing signal, such as voltage, into a sequence of numbers. It does this by sampling the voltage at regular intervals (e.g. ten times per second) and converting it into a digital output.

For example: When a computer is used to turn a heating system on and off, the computer must be able to measure the temperature. Electrical thermometers provide variable (analog) voltages that must be converted into a sequence of numbers (binary) for the computer to use.

audit trail
trace f de contrôle

Audit trail. See laser card.

author language
language m d'auteur

Author's language. The name given to a programming language that can be used by someone with little or no programming knowledge.

In author's language, a non-computer expert can formulate an instructional sequence for his or her students on a particular topic.

For example, PILOT is an author's language developed specifically for computer-assisted learning packages.

automated telling machine

guichet m automatique

Automated teller machine. See ATM.

automatic computing engine (ACE) machine f de calcul automatique

Automatic computing engine. The fastest early computer. Developed by the National Physics Laboratory in Britain in 1950. Parts of it can now be seen at the Science Museum in London.

automatic sequence controlled computer (ASCC)

See Aiken .

auto start
reprise f automatique

Automatic start. In some commercial microcomputers, the auto start code is stored in read-only memory (ROM).

In such a case, the auto start upon power-on will load a BASIC interpreter, for example, and a program into the machine, making it immediately ready for use.